Isiqhamo igrapefruit, esine nguqulelo engaqinisekanga yolwimi lwesintu egama elithi ‘yimbabusi ebomvu krwe okwe nkwekwezi’ luhlobo eliziphumelayo xa kudibene ipummelo (ekwabhalwa nge pomelo) ne orenji eswiti. Yona ke isentsha kwiziqhamo ezihlwahlwazayo okanye citrus ngelase mzini, igrapefruit yaqala ukucaciswa ngeminyaka yama 1950s ngu Mfundisi u-Griffith Hughes kwisiqithi sase Barbados. Wayibiza ngokuba “sisiqhamo esingavumelekanga ukutyiwa” sase Barbados, kuba abanye abantu babekholelwa okokuba sinento yokwenza nomthi wokuqala wase bhayibhileni wokulungileyo nokubi kwigadi yase Eden.
Igama elithi “grapefruit” lathi lakhethwa, kuba esisiqhamo sasikhula ngamaqela amafana nawo mdiliya. Abasebenzi ngezityalo base Melika babefuna ukuyibiza ngokuba yi “Pomelo” ekugqibeleni, kodwa ukutshitsha igama kwenza ukubhidaniswa ne “Pummelo” kanjalo igama elithi “grapefruit” lathi lahlala.
Imveliso ya Mazwe Aphesheya
I-Grapefruit ikhula kakhulu kakuhle kwisimo sezulu esinendawo ezingekho shushu kakhulu. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngu Tridge, ilizwe lase China ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu. Ngonyaka ka 2018, ibale malunga nengxenye ye grapefruit yonke eveliswa elizweni. Ilizwe lase United States, elingumvelisi wesibini omkhulu, yabanga kuphela u 8% wemveliso.
Nangona lafumana kuphela u4% kwimveliso iphela, ilizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika labanga malunga nama 25% wayo yonke intengiso kumazwe angaphandle ye grapefruit kunyaka ka 2018. Oku kwenza eli ibe lelona lizwe lihamba phambili kwintengiso yangaphandle ye grapefruit okwangoku. Ilizwe lase China lathabatha indawo yesibini, ku 12.7% wayo yonke intengiso yamazwe angaphandle.
Ilizwe lase Netherlands lelona lizwe livelisa igrapefruit eninzi, lithengise u 16.6% we grapefruit (le grapefruit ithengwe kwamanye amazwe ukuze iphinde ipakishwe ze ithengiswe kumazwe angaphandle). Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe okokuba ilizwe lase Netherlands liyazihambisa intengiso zalo zelizwe kwezinye iindawo kwelase Yurophu. Ilizwe lase Russia lilandela elase Netherlands ngo 10% wayo yonke intengiso ye grapefruit yelizwe.
Imveliso Yase Mzantsi Afrika
Ngonyaka ka 2018, uMzantsi Afrika, kunye nelizwe lase Zimbabwe labana malunga no 7 886 ha ezibhaliselwe intengiso yangaphandle ye grapefruit, njengoko kuchaziwe yi Citrus Growers Association. Ngapha kwama 50% walendawo ise Limpopo, oku kuyenza eyona ngingqi inkulu ithengisela amazwe angaphandle, kulandele iMpumalanga, yona inama 20% wendawo yemveliso.
I-KwaZulu Natal yathabatha indawo yesithathu, ngo 9% wemveliso. Yona iNothern Cape ne Swaziland ngokulandelelana yathabatha u 6% no 5% wendawo ebhaliselwe intengiso yangaphandle. Iindawo ezimbalwa zibhalise eMpuma Koloni nase Ntshona Koloni. I-Zimbabwe yabala malunga nama 118 ha wendawo yonke ebhaliselwe intengiso yangaphandle.
Iintlobo
Zininzi iintlobo ezityalwayo, iStar Ruby ne Marsh zezona zidumileyo. iStar Ruby sabalangapha ko 80% wendawo yonke ebhaliselwe intengiso yangaphandle ngonyaka ka 2018. Yona iMarsh yathabatha indawo yesibini, ngo 10% wendawo.
Uhlobo iStar Ruby lasekwa ngu Dr Dick Hensz eTaxas ngokhozo lwe Hudson grapefruit etshisiweyo. Oluhlobo lwanikezwa igama lakhutshwa ngonyaka ka 1970, iinkozo zokuqala ezilishumi elinambini zaziswa eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 1972.
Isiqhamo sinesikhumba esityheli esimpuluswa ekugqibeleni sibomvu nomphakathi obomvu kakhulu onzulu. Oluhlobo luqhuba ngcono kakhulu kwelase Mzantsi Afrika kunase United States, livelisa iziqhamo ezinkulu ngenkozo nje ezimbalwa.
I-Marsh yaziswa ngu CM Marsh eFlorida ngeminyaka yama 1860’s kwithuba lokuvelisa izithombe kumthi we Duncan kumzi ka Nkosikazi Rushing. Wathabatha ibudwood ukuze isasazwe kwenye yemithi, xa wathi wabona okokuba ayimbewu okanye inkozo waqalisa ukuthengisa inzalelwane yomthi. Isiqhamo sikhulu kwaye simhlophe, asinankozo kwaye siyasetyenziswa, nokutyiwa sinjalo okanye sifunxwe amanzi. Ixesha elide, yayisisilimo esihamba phambili esityalwe eMzantsi Afrika.
Ixesha
Ixesha leziqhamo ze citrus eMzantsi Afrika lisuka ku Matshi ukuya ku Julayi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo le citrus neemeko zezulu.
Intengiso
Uninzi lwe grapefruit yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika ithengiswa kumazwe aphesheya, intengiso yangaphandle ibanga phantse ama 70% wentengiso yonyaka ka 2017 yonke. Intengiso yegrapefruit esetyenziswe ekwenzeni ezinye iimveliso yona yabala malunga no 27% ze intengiso yeli yangaphantsi ko 1% kwintengiso yonke idibene.
I-Yurophu lelona lizwe likhulu lithengisela amanye, ngo 40% wobungakanani ngonyaka ka 2017, yona i-Asia yabala u25% ubuninzi.
Imisebenzi
Isiqhamo se grapefruit sinencasa ekrakra. Ingatyiwa injalo kwisidlo sakusasa, njenge sidlo esikhawulezileyo, okanye isetyenziswe ki saladi. Iyasetyenziswa kwizidlo ezimnandi ezifana ne tart, jeli, marmalade neziselo.
Sesinye seziqhamo esisezantsi kwi khelorizi, kodwa igcwele izinongo ne fibre, esi ke sesinye sezizathu zokuba ifakwe kwindlela zokutya ezehlisa amafutha emzimbeni. Inezinga lamanzi eliphezulu, oku kuyenza yaneze izidingo zamanzi emzimbeni.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie