Grapefruit I nkatsakanyo lowu tumbulukekek endzhaku kaloko kutava ku hlanganisiwe pummelo (leyi tlhelaka yitiveka tani hi pomelo) xikan’we na lamulaleri nyanganyak. Tani hi muhandzu wuntshwa eka ndyangu wa citrus, grapefruit yisungule kuva yi hlamuseriwa eka malembe yava 1750s hi Reverend Griffith Hughes exihlaleni xa Barbados. Atlhela awuvula muhandzu lowu yirisiweke “forbidden fruit” wa Barbados, tani hileswi vanhu votala ava vula leswaku onge kuna vuxaka swinene na nsinyawale xikarhi lowu awuri entangeni wa Eden.
Vito ra “grapefruit” ri hlawuriwile, hikwalaho ka ndlela leyi muhandzu wakona awu kula kufana na swichocho swa madiriva. Vativi va swavurimi va America ekusunguleni ava lave kuwu vitana “Pomelo”, kambe ku cinciwa ka vito swi hlanganise vanhu tinhloko hi “Pummelo” se vito ra “grapefruit” hi rona ringa tshama.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Misava Hinkwayo
Grapefruit yi hanya kahle eka maxelo lawa ya kufumelaka ya subtropical. Tani hileswi swikombisiweke hi Tridge, Tikor a China hirona muhumelerisi nkulu. Hi 2018, ariri na kwalomu ka hafu ya mihandzu yati grapefruit leti humelerisiwaka misava hinkwayo. Tiko ra United States, leringa eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi hiku humelerisa, rona ariri eka 8% wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo.
Ehandle ka kukuma 4% ntsena wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo, Afrika Dzonga rina 25% wa vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo bya grapefruit lebyi xaviseriweke matiko mambe hi 2018. Leswi swiendla leswaku rifamba emahlweni hiku xavisa grapefruit rixavisela matiko yale handle kufikela sweswi. China riteke xiyimo xavumbirhi, eka 12.7% wa mihandzu leyi ayi xaviseriwa matiko mambe hinkwayo.
Tikor a Netherlands hirona muxavi nkulu wa grapefruit kusuka eka matiko mambe, hi 16.6% wa mihandzu hinkwayo yati grapefruit (grapefruit yikumeka kusuka eka matiko yan’wana leswaku yita pakiwa kahle kutani yitlhela yi xavisela matiko yale handle). Swifanele ku tsundzukiwa hambiswiritano leswaku tikor ra Netherlands hi xitalo ritlhela rixavisela matiko yan’wana lawa yanga eka swiphemu swa Europe. Russia rilandzela tikor a Netherlands eka 10% wa mihandzu hinkwayo yati grapefruit leyi xaviwaka kusuka ehandle.
Vuhumelerisi Bya Afrika Dzonga
Hi lembe ra 2018, Afrika Dzonga, xikan’we na Zimbabwe, loko ya hlanganile ayari na nhlayo ya 7 886 ha leyi tsarisiweke ya kuxavisiwa ka ti grapefruit ku xaviseriwa matiko yale handle, tani hi leswi swivikiweke hiva Citrus Growers Association. Kutlula 50% wa ndzhawu liya ayiri e Limpopo, leswi aswi endla leswaku yiva ndzhawu leyikulu leyi humelerisaka mihandzu leyiyaka e handle, kulandzela Mpumalanga, leyi ayiri na 20% wa ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi.
KwaZulu-Natal eka xiyimo xavunharhu hi 9% wa vuhumelerisi. Loko Northern Cape na Swaziland hiku landzelelana tive na 6% na 5% wa ndzhawu leyi tsarisiweke. Tindzhawu tintsongo leti tsarisiweke tile Eastern na Western Cape. Zimbabwe yive na 118 ha wa ndzhawu leyi tsarisiweke.
Tinxaka Nxaka
Tinxaka nxaka totala ta byariwa, laha muxaka wa Star Ruby na Marsh I tinxaka tandhuma swinene. Star Ruby yina kwalomu ka kutlula 80% wa ndzhawu leyikulu leyi tsarisiweke eka ku xavisela matiko yale handle hi lembe ra 2018. Loko Marsh yive eka xivandla xavumbirhi, laha ayiri na kutlula nyana 10% wa ndzhawu leyi.
Star Ruby yi tumbuluxiwile hi Dr Dick Hensz e Texas hiku tirhisiwa ka mbewu ya Hudson grapefruit. Muxaka lowu wuthyiwile kutani wuhumesiwa hi malembe yava 1970s, laha mbewu yosungula ya tindzoho ta khume mbirhi yinga kongomisiwa e Afrika Dzonga hi lembe ra 1972.
Muhanzdu lowu wuna nhlonge yovevuka ya xitshopani kutani endzeni wuva na muhlovo woenta wotshuka.Muxaka lowu wutirha ku antswa e Afrika Dzonga kutlula e tikweni ra United States, leri humelerisaka mihandzu leyikulu swinene kambe yiri na madingu yantsongo.
Muxaka wa marsh wutisiwile hi CM Marsh e Florida kwalomuya ka malembe yava 1860s kusuka eka ximilani leyi ayi ringeteriwa kusuka eka nsinya wa Duncan tree eka nsimu ya Mrs Rushing. Uteke xirhabyani leswaku aya xibyala kusuka eka wun’wana wa misinya, loko atava a vonile leswaku awuna mbewu kutani a sungula ku xavisa swimilani kusuka eka swirhabyani. Muhandzu wa kona wukulu naswona iwo basa, awuna tinyungu naswona wutala ku tirhisiwa kuva wudyiwa waha tsakama kumbe ku endliwa juzi. Kuringana nkarhi woleha, akuri muxaka lowu awu famba emahlweni hiku byariwa e Afrika Dzonga.
Nguva
Nguva ya citrus e Afrika Dzonga yi ndlandlamuka kusukela hi nhweti ya March kuya eka July, kuya hi muxaka xikan’we na xiyimo xa maxelo
Makete
Mihandzu yotala yati grapefruit ya Afrika Dzonga yi xaviseriwa ematikweni yale handle, laha makete wo xavisela matiko mambe wungana kwalomu ka 70% eka vuxavisi hinkwabyo bya lembe ra 2017. Makete wa mihandzu leyi tirhisiwaka ku endla swin’wana wuna kwalomu ka 27% naswona timakete ta laha kaya tiva ehansi ka 1% wa vuxavisi hinkwabyo.
Europe hirona tiko nkulu leri ku xaviseriwaka rona, ringana 40% wa nhlayo hi lembe ra 2017, loko Asia rive na 25% wa nhlayo.
Switirhisiwa
Grapefruit I muhandzu lowu dzungelaka nyana hi nantswo. Wunga dyiwa tani hi swakudya swa nimixo, tani hi swakudya swo xawula kumbe yitirhisiwa eka ti saladi. Yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka ti tarts, jellies, marmalade, na swinwiwa.
I wun’wana wa mihandzu leyingale hansi swinene hiti calorie, kambe yifuwile hi swakudya na fibre, leswi kunga xona xivangelo nkulu xakuva yitala ku nghenisiwa eka swakudya leswi hungutaka ntiko wa miri. Wutlhela wuva na mati yotala swinene leswi endlaka leswaku loko u dya wona u susa torha.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni