Ubhamubhamu yinhlanganisela eyakheka ngaphandle kwesiphambano esivulekile phakathi kwe-pummelo (nayo epelwe njengo-pomelo) no-orange omnandi. Njengokungezelelwa okusha emndenini we-citrus, i-grapefruit yaqala yachazwa ngeminyaka yo-1750 nguMfu Griffith Hughes esiqhingini saseBarbados. Wayibiza futhi ngokuthi "isithelo esenqatshelwe" seBarbados, njengoba abanye abantu babekholelwa ukuthi yayinohlobo oluthile lokuxhuma nesihlahla sokuqala sokuhle nokubi kweNgadi ye-Edeni.
Kwakhethwa igama elithi “izithelo zomvini,” ngenxa yendlela izithelo ezikhule ngayo emaqenjeni anjengezithelo. Ama-horticulturists aseMelika ekuqaleni ayefuna ukubiza lezi zinhlobo ngokuthi “iPomelo”, kepha igama elithi ushintsho lidale ukudideka ne-“Pummelo” ngakho-ke “grapefruit” wanamathela.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amazwe
Ubhamubhamu uzinza ezimeni zezulu ezifudumele ezifudumele. Njengoba kuboniswa yiTridge, iChina ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ngo-2018, yabalwa cishe yingxenye yazo zonke izithelo zomvini ezikhiqizwa emhlabeni. I-United States, engumkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu, ibiza ama-8% womkhiqizo ophelele.
Phezu kokuthola u-4% wokukhiqizwa kuphela, iNingizimu Afrika ibala ama-25% azo zonke izinto ezithengiswa ngaphandle zomvini ngonyaka we-2018. Lokhu kwenza kube ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wezithelo zomvini kude. I-China yathatha isikhundla sesibili, ngo-12,7% wazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
INetherlands iyona ethengisela phezulu izithelo zomvini, ngama-16,6% awo wonke amagilebhisi angenisiwe (leli gilebhisi lingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze liphinde lithengiswe futhi lithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe). Kufanele nokho kukhunjulwe ukuthi iNetherlands ivame ukuhambisa impahla yayo kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu. IRussia ilandela iNetherlands ngamaphesenti ayi-10 akho konke ukungeniswa kwamagilebhisi.
Ukukhiqizwa KwaseNingizimu Afrika
Ngo-2018, iNingizimu Afrika, kanye neZimbabwe, babhalise amahektha angama-7 886 asebhaliselwe ukuthunyelwa kwamagilebhisi, njengoba kuvezwe yiCitrus Growers Association. Ngaphezulu kwe-50% yale ndawo eyayisedolobheni laseLimpopo, okwenza kwaba yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhipha, salandelwa yiMpumalanga, eyayingamaphesenti angama-20 endawo yokukhiqiza.
IKwaZulu-Natali yathatha indawo yesithathu, kwathi ukukhiqizwa kwaba ngu-9%. Ngenkathi iNyakatho Kapa kanye neSwaziland ngokulandelana zabalelwa ku-6% no-5% wendawo yonke ebhaliselwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Izindawo ezincane nazo zibhalisiwe eMpumalanga nase Ntshonalanga Kapa. Izwe laseZimbabwe libala amahektha ayi-118 endawo yonke ebhaliselwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo eziningi zitshaliwe, zazo i-Star Ruby neMarsh zithandwa kakhulu. I-Star Ruby ibalwe ngaphezulu kwe-80% yendawo yonke ebhaliselwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2018. Ngenkathi uMash ethatha indawo yesibili, ngeqe ngaphezulu kwe-10% yale ndawo.
I-Star Ruby yathuthukiswa nguDkt. Dick Hensz eTexas ngenzalo ye-Hudson grapefruit eyamanziswa. Le nhlobonhlobo yaqanjwa futhi yakhululwa ngonyaka we-1970s, kwathi imbewu yokuqala eyishumi nambili yaqala ukufika eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1972.
Izithelo zinesikhumba esiphuzi esigcwele esinemuva elibomvu nenyama ejulile ebomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo zisebenza kangcono kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika ukwedlula e-United States, zikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu ezinamaphayile ambalwa.
UMarsh wethulwa yi-CM Marsh eFlorida ngawo-1860s ukusuka ekuhlwanyelweni ithuba ngesihlahla saseDuncan esakhiweni sikaNkk Rushing. Wathatha izinkuni zokusakazeka kwesinye sezihlahla, lapho wabona ukuthi ayinambewu waqala ukuthengisa inzalo evuthiwe. Izithelo zikhulu futhi zimhlophe, zingenazbewu futhi zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nejusi. Isikhathi eside, bekungumbala oholayo otshalwe eNingizimu Afrika.
Isikhathi
Isikhathi sonyaka wamawolintshi siqala ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi, kuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nezesimo sezulu.
Imakethe
Iningi lezithelo zomvini zaseNingizimu Afrika zithengiswa phesheya, kanti izimakethe ezithengisa emazweni angaphandle zithengise cishe ama-70% wakho konke ukuthengisa ngonyaka we-2017. Imakethe esebenza ngaleli cala ibicishe ibe ngama-27% kanti imakethe yendawo ingaphansi kwe-1% yokuthengiswa okuphelele.
I-Europe yindawo enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ngama-40% amavolumu ngonyaka we-2017, kanti i-Asia ibengama-25% amavolumu.
Imisebenzi
Obhamubhamu yizithelo ezihlwabusayo. Kungathokozelwa okusha ngebhulakufesi, njenge-snack, noma kusetshenziswe kumasaladi. Iphinde icutshungulwe ibe ngamathayi, ama-jellies, ama-marmalade neziphuzo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza