Amafutha we-Olive akhiqizwa ngokobana aputjuzwe kuma-olives. Imithi yama-olives ngokwemvelo itholakala eendaweni eziyi-Mediterranean lapha ubusika bungasimakhaza khulu, ihlobo lilide, lomile begodu lifuthumele. Ama-Olives, nanyana kunjalo, angatjalwa nanyana kukuphi endaweni enetlayimedi anganambethe, enehlabathi ekhipha amanzi nanyana begodu athelelelwe nanyana athole amanzi abuya ezulwini, okungasenani ayi-800 mm qobe ngonyaka.
Ama-olives aputjuzwa kungakapheli ama iri amanengi avuniwe, ayagaywa ahlukaniswe kukhitjhwe umhluzawo, ngaphambi kukobana afakwe emabhodleleni.
Ukuvunwa kwama-Olives
Ama-olives ingavunwa ngesandla nanyana ngomtjhini, lokha nakavunwa ngomtjhini, okuvamise kobana kwenze bona angonakali khulu nokobana amafutha wawo abe ngewekhwalithi engcono, okonga iindleko zokuyikhiqiza - eSewula Africa, kongeka i-40% yendleko sele ziphelele.
Ama-olives avunwa eSewula Africa lada nakuthoma inyanga kaMhlolanja nanyana ekuthomeni kwakaNtaka, ngama-olives anombala ohlaza satjani wetafuleni, aphele ngenyaka kaRhoboyi, lapha kuvunwa khona ama-olives wokugcina.
Ama-olives wetafuleni akhiwa ngezandla apakwe emumathini bese aputjuzelwa emanedini phasi ngaphasi komuthi.
Ukobana avunwe nini kungatjengisa embaleni wawo, ekunambithekeni kwamafutha wawo ekugcineni, kobana ahlala iskhathi esingangani ematjhelifini kanye nokobana anepilo kangangani. Imihlobo ethize yama-olives, inamanani amancani we-polyphenol yemvelo, ukuthoma ukuvuna lada ngeskhathi esingangenyanga kungenza bona amafutha wama-olives onakale msinya ngeskhathi esingaba zinyanga ezine. Njeke, ikhwalithi yamafutha we-olives kuyangokobana avunwa nini.
Ama-olives angakakhulu kuhle ahlaza akhipha umnambitheko ofretjhi, onambitheka satjani, otjhuqileko kuze kufinyelele lapha sele ama-olives atjhugulukele ekubeni mafutha. Ama-olives ahlaza anezinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenols ama-(antioxidants) kanye nezinye izinto, njeke amafutha enziwe ngama-olives angakafuthwa la akonakali mzinya, ngebanga lokobana enenthako zemvelwezi. Ama-olives akhiwe anombala o-veraison (nekukutjhuguluka kombala usuka kohlaza satjani uyakobomvu onga usaphephuli) sele athoma ukukhipha umnambitheko osasithelo.
Amafutha la sele anombala osarulana kwanjesi begodu sele anomnambitheko onga usasithelo nosudu. Umkhiqizo wama-olives nasele asesigabeni esibomvu nasele avuthiwe, sele umnengi ngokubuyelelwe kabili kunobudisi balawa omileko.
Lokha ama-olives nakavuthwako, iskhumba sawo siyatjhuguluka asuke embaleni ophephuli atjhuguluke abenzima. Amafutha la, wenthelo ezivunwe lada, anombala osarhawuda, akakatjhuqi, kodwana alimala msinya lokha nakavunwako begodu nanyana asematjhelifini onakala msinya. Amkhiqizo amafutha amanengi.
Amafutha wekhwalithi ephezulu enziwa ngama-olives asele avuthiwe anombala obomvu.
Yenziwa njani i-Olive Oil
Ukobana kwenziwe ikhwalithi ekhamba phambili yamafutha wama-olives, ama-olives kufanele apresiwe kungakapheli iinyanga eziyi-24 avuniwe. Ngemva kukobana sele avuniwe, amakari kanye nengodo kuyasuswa kuthi ama-olives asiwe kuma-conveyor belt bese adluliselwa esigayweni, lapha asilwa khona enziwe i-paste. I-paste leyo yenziwa i-malaxing imizuzu ehlangana kweyi-20 ukuya kweyi-45 elandelako. I-malaxing ifaka hlangana ukuhlanganisa i-paste ukwenzela bona amathosi wamafutha ahlukane namafutha we-olive ahlangane enye ithosi elikhulu.
Isigaba esilandelako, amafutha ahlukaniswa ne-olive eligayiweko kanye namanzi ngamandla. Amafutha abese atjhiywa ematankeni ekambisweni ebizwa ngokobana yi-racking. Amafutha la abese ayasefwa ngaphambi kokobana afakwe emabhodleleni.
Ezinye indlela ezingatlhogeka ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yamafutha kubalwa hlangana i-refining-ukuphungula i-acidity nokwenza ngcono umnambitheko wawo, i-bleaching-iphungula i-chlorophyll kanye nenkowani nokhunye. Kanye nomnuko.
Ukuvuthunyezwa kwamakelo we-olive kungangezelela inani lamafutha. Nanyana kunjalo, lokha nakaputjuzwa amakhaza, akukavunyelwa kobana apuntjuzwe ngaphasi kwamazinga womtjhiso ngaphezu kwe-28℃.
Amafutha ahlwengekileko abekwa ematankeni enziwe nge-stainless steel ngaphasi kwamazinga womtjhiso angaphezu kwe-28℃ aze afakwe emabhodleleni ngomncopho othize.
Amafutha wemihlobo ehlukahlukeneko ayanambithwa ngaphambi kokobana ahlanganiswe ukuqiniseka kobana bathola umnambitheko othize nokobana azokuhlala iskhathi eside etjhelifini angonakali.
Ihlala Iskhathi Esingangani eShelifini i-Oil
Amafutha afretjhi aletha inzuzo enengi yezepilo. Nasalokhu ahlezi, kwenzeka i-oxidation, ebanga bona kuphuke ihlanganisela afana nama-essential fatty acids.
I-olive oil engakavulwa ingahlala iinyanga ezihlangana kweziyi-12 ukuya kweziyi-24, kodwana ngemva kokobana ivulwe, amafutha la kutlhogeka kobana asetjenziswe amalanga ahlangana kwayi-60 kanye nayi-30. Ungawabeki elangeni, wabeke lapha kuphole khona ukukhandela i-oxidation. Ukuwabeka esiqandisini kungarholela ekutheni abe nestimu ngaphakathi, esona ikhwalithi yawo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana