Amafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa emithanjeni ecindezelwe ngokuphelele. Izihlahla zeminqumo zitholakala ngokwemvelo endaweni yaseMedithera lapho ubusika buphakathi futhi ihlobo lide, lomile futhi lifudumele. Iminqumo, nokho, ingatshalwa noma kuphi ngesimo sezulu esineqhwa, inhlabathi edonsa kahle nokunisela noma ngokulingana kwemvula, ngokwesilinganiso, ama-800 mm ngonyaka.
Iminqumo icindezelwa kungakapheli amahora amaningi okuvunwa, ichotshozwe futhi ihlukaniswe nosawoti kanye nojusi, ngaphambi kokuba ibhodwe.
Ukuvunwa
Iminqumo ingavunwa ngesandla noma ngomshini, ukuvuna ngesandla, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo omncane kuminqumo namafutha asezingeni elingcono, kufaka isandla kakhulu ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza - eSouth Africa, kuze kufike ku-40% wezindleko eziphelele.
Ukuvunwa komnqumo eSouth Africa kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, kube nama-olivi aluhlaza okotshani, bese kuphetha ngo-Agasti, ngomnqumo wokugcina wamapulangwe owoyela owedlule.
Iminqumo yetafula ithathwa ngesandla ezitsheni bese iminqumo yama-oyela igqitshwe (noma 'ibiliswe ubisi') emanetheni phansi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Isikhathi sokuvuna sinquma umbala, iphrofayili yokunambitheka kawoyela wokugcina, impilo yayo yeshalofu nezingxenye zezempilo. Kwezinhlobo ezithile zomnqumo, ezingaphansi kokuqukethwe kwemvelo kwe-polyphenol, ukuqala ukuvuna ngenyanga sekwehla kunganciphisa ishalofu live lamafutha ngezinyanga ezine. Ngakho-ke, izimfanelo zokuphela ezifiselekayo zika-oyili zinqunywa ngosuku lokuvuna.
Iminqumo eluhlaza (yokuvuthwa) ifaka okusha, futhi ibonwe njengotshani, namanothi abuhlungu ekuhlanganeni kokugcina kawoyela. Iminqumo eluhlaza iphezulu kuma-polyphenols (ama-antioxidants) nezinye izakhi, ngakho-ke uwoyela owenziwe kuminqumo ongavuthiwe unempilo ende yeshelufu, ngenxa yalezi zigcinelo zemvelo.
Iminqumo ekhethiwe ku-veraison (ukuguqulwa kombala kusuka kokuluhlaza kuya kobomvu-onsomi) iqala ukunikeza ukunambitheka okwengeziwe kwezithelo. Uwoyela uphuzi kakhudlwana manje futhi unama-fruitier nama-nuances amnandi kakhulu. Isithelo samafutha omnqumo esigabeni esivuthiwe sesiseduze nesisindo esomile.
Njengoba iminqumo ivuthwa, isikhumba sishintsha sisuka onsomi sibe mnyama. Lawa mafutha, avela ezithelweni zesivuno sekwephuzile, anombala wegolide ngombala, awemunyu kangako, kepha angalimala kalula ngesikhathi sokuvuna futhi abe neshelufu elifushane eliphilayo. Isivuno samafutha siphezulu.
Amafutha wekhwalithi engcono kakhulu ayenziwa kusuka kuminqumo ngaphandle kokuvuthwa aze afike esigabeni esibomvu sokuvuthwa.
Enziwa Kanjani Amafutha E-Olive
Ukuze uwoyela osezingeni eliphakeme wenziwe, iminqumo kufanele icindezelwe kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ukuvuna. Ngemuva kokuvunwa, kususwa amaqabunga namahlumela bese iminqumo ihlanzwa ukuze ihlanze izibulala-zinambuzane, uthuli nokunye okulahlwa yimfucumfucu. Iminqumo ithathwa ngebhande le-conveyor iye kugayo, lapho bese ichotshozwa unama.
I-Malaxing yokunamathisela imizuzu engama-20 - 45 iyalandela. IMalaxing ifaka ukuxuba ukunamathisela ukuvumela amaconsi kawoyela ukuba ahlukane nenyama kawoyela futhi ahlanganiswe namaconsi amakhulu. Esinyatsweni esilandelayo, uwoyela uhlukaniswa nenyama namanzi kanye ne-centrifugal force. Uwoyela ushiywe emathangini ukuhlukanisa okuqhubekayo kwinqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-'racking'. Amafutha angahlungwa ngaphambi kokugcotshwa.
Ezinye izinqubo ezingadingeka ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi kawoyela zifaka phakathi ukucwilisa - ukunciphisa i-acidity kanye nokwenza ngcono ukunambitheka, ukufakwa kwamakhaza - ukunciphisa i-chlorophyll, ukubulala izinambuzane njll kanye nokwenza u-deodorization.
Ukushisa uginindela we-olive kungakhuphula isivuno samafutha. Kodwa-ke, nge-'gobolondo ekhishwe 'ngezigaba, akukho lokushisa eliphakeme kunama-28℃ ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa ivunyelwe.
Amafutha ahlanzekile abese agcinwa emathangini ensimbi angenasici agcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-28℃ aze afakwe amabhodlela nge-oda elithile. Izinga lamafutha omnqumo ligcinwa elingcono kakhulu ethangini kunokuba liwumkhiqizo onamabhodlela.
Amafutha avela ezinhlotsheni ngazinye azonambitha ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa ukuze aqinisekise iphrofayili yokunambitheka oyifunayo nempilo yeshelufu.
Impilo Yokuthengisa Yamafutha e-Olive
Amafutha amasha anezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-oxidation iyenzeka, ebangela ukuwohloka kwamakhompiyutha anenzuzo njengama-asidi aqatha anamafutha.
Amafutha omnqumo ongavuthiwe anempilo yokuhlala eshalofini izinyanga eziyi-18 - 24, kodwa uma esevuliwe, uwoyela kufanele usetshenziswe phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60. Gcina kude nokukhanya, emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni ukuvikela i-oxidation. Ukugcina efrijini kungaholela ekubuyiselweni ngaphakathi kwebhodlela; ukungezwani kwamanzi kuthinta ikhwalithi kawoyela.
Translated by Nsika Khoza