Imihlobo eminengi yenthelo ezithambileko ze-citrus yatjalwa eSewula Africa. Imithi yazo ingahlukaniswa ngenqhema ezintathu: ekuma-mandarins, clementines, kanye nama-satsuma. Ukobana kukhethwa ukobana kutjaIwe muphi umhlobo, kuya ngokoba immaraga zifuna yiphi, nokobana umhlobo womkhiqizo loyo uyarhona ukujamelana nobujamo beplasi otjalwe kibo namkha awa.
Amalamula Womhlobo we-Mandarin
Ama-mandirin kanye nama-tangarine ziyavana, kuzinthelo zinye. Umehluko webizo wenziwa kukobana isthelo savela kiyiphi indawo. Ama-mandarin atlhadlhula isthelo se-citrus ethambileko ekuqatjangwa kobana sivela e-southwest China, lokha ama-tangarine kuqatjangwa kobana avela endaweni ye-tangiers, ekulidorobha le-Morocco.
Ama-mandarine, nanyana kunjalo, kukholelwa kobana avela emalamuleni womango, akhula enarheni yepumalanga yeNdiya, avela eminyakeni eyi-3 000 eyadlulako. Ukusukela lapho isthelwesi safinyelela enarheni ye-China, ukusuka lapho saya enarheni ye-Europe kanye ne-North Africa.
Ngonyaka ka-2017, ama-mandarin khabe kuzintjalo ezithambelo ezima-citrus, ezitjalwe endaweni eyi-75%, etjaliweko. Lokha kutjalwe imihlobo eminengi yama-mandarin, i-Nardorcott ngiwo umhlobo otjalwa khulu, otjalwe endaweni eyi-37%. Umhlobo we-Nova otjaliweko gade uyi-19%, we-Tango utjalwe endaweni eyi i-12%.
Umhlobo we-Nardocott, watlanywa eminyakeni eyi-40 eyadlulako, ngokobana kutjalwe imbewu ye-Murcott esteyitjhini se-Morocco sokwenza ama-experiment. Abatjali babona bona imbewu ayimili nayingakapholineyithiwa. Mandarins, clementines, kanye nama-satsumas. Umhlobo lo, ufunwa khulu ngebanga lokobana awunambumbula, begodu ineswigiri ehlangene nezinye iinthako.
Umhlobo lo westhelo, ilungelo lokuwutjala lifunjathwe batjali baso, begodu ikampani yakwa-Nardorcott Protection Company yenarheni yange-Morocco, ngiyo etlhogomele amalungelo westhelwesi e-Northern Hemisphere kanye ne-Citrigold engenarheni yeSewula Africa, etlhogomele iinthelwezi ezikhiqizwa enarheni le. Isthelo seSewula Africa esikhamba phambili somhlobo lo, sithengiswa ngaphasi kwebubulo le-ClemenGold®. Isthelwesi sivunwa kusukela phakathi kwakaMgwengweni ukuya phakathi kwakaRhoboyi.
I-Nova yihlanganisela yesthelo esenziwe ngokobana kusetjenziswe i-mandarin kanye ne-olando tangelo. Inmbumbula kancani, lokha ezinye zinganazo begodu sivunwa kusukela ngoMeyi ukufikela ngoMgwengweni.
Ama-Clementines
Kuqatjangwa kobana ama-clementine enziwe ngokobana kuhlanganiswe ngephoso imbewu ye-mandarin. Ekuthomeni, gade kuqatjangwa kobana isthelwesi satholwa mumitjhinari wenarha ye-Fransi, ibizo lakhe lingu-Clément Rodier, engadini yalapha kuhlala khona iintandani enarheni ye-Algeria. Kodwana enye itiyori yatholwa lada yokobana i-citrus le ivela esifundeni se-orient, ngebanga lokobana ipheze yafana ne-Canton mandarin etjalwa enarheni ye-China.
Ngonyaka ka-2017, i-clementine yajamela okungasenani inarha etjaliweko eyi-17% ngaphasi kwama-citrus atmabileko eSewula Africa. Imihlobo eminengi ehlukileko itjaliwe, kodwana bakhiqiza i-Nules enengi, eyi-73%. Imihlobo yesthelwesi yatholwa ngonyaka ka-1953 edorobheni le-Nules eSpeyini. Isthelwesi sivunwa kusukela ngo-Apreli ukufika ngenyanga kaMgwengweni.
Umhlobo wesibili okhamba phambili ngokuthandwa yi-Esbal, etjalwe enarheni eyi-7%.
Ama-Satsuma
Ama-Satsuma akhiqiza iinthelo ezincani, ukuya kwezihlangangana nendawo. Ngesinye isikhathi anentanyana, akanambumbula begodu kulula ukuwahlukanisa. E-Sewula Africa aziwa ngebizo le-naartjie.
Ama-Satsuma kuqatjangwa kobana avela enarheni ye-China, kodwana ibizo lawo lithethwe e-South West of Japan, lapha kwabikwa khona eminyakeni eyi-700 eyadlulako.
Ngonyaka ka-2017, amasatsuma khabe atjalwe enarheni eyi-9% lapha kutjalwe khona ama-citrus athambileko. Lokha gade kutjalwe imihlobo eminengi, umhlobo okhabe utjalwe khulu ngewe - Miho Wase, ovuthwa msinya, lapha khabe utjalwe enarheni eyi-75% ngonyaka ka-2017. Umhlobo lo, watloliswa ngonyaka ka-1960, begodu watlanywa enarheni ye-Japan ngokusebenzisa i-Miyagawa wase Satsuma. Umhlobo lo, watloliswa ngonyaka ka-1960, begodu akhange uthandwe khulu enarheni ye-Japan, ngengokobana uthandwa kangaka enarheni ye-Sewula Africa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
I-citrus ethambileko, itlhadlhula ukuhlukaniselwa kwe-citrus esele inesikhumba esiloso, nekulula ukusihluba....