Kulinywe iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze citrus ethambileyo eMzantsi Afrika. Ezi ndidi zingohlulwa ngokwamaqela amathathu: mandarins, clementines, kunye ne satsumas. Indidi elinywayo ixhomekeka kwi makethi ekhoyo kwakunye nokulungelelaga kwendidi leyo nemo yomhlaba.
Ama-Orenjie eMandarin
Iimandarin kunye ne tangerine zisisiqhamo esinye. Ukwahlukana kwamagama ulele kwindawo ekwakucingelwa ukuba yimvelaphi yesi siqhamo. Iimandarins yi citrus ethambileyo nekwakucingelwa ukuba yaqala emzantsi-ntshona China. Lo gama iitangerine zona kukholeka ukuba zaqala ukukhula eTangiers, idolophu ese Morocco.
Kodwa ke, iimandarins, zona kukholeleka ukuba zavelwa kuma orenji ayezikhulela endle emntla-mpuma India, kwiminyaka engaphaya kwama 3 000 eyadlulayo. Ukusukela apho, le citrus yanwenwela kwelase China, ukusukela apho yaya eEurope nase Mntla Afrika.
Ngomnyaka ka 2017, iimandarin yayizezona ziqhamo ze citrus zithambileyo zilinywayo. Zazilinywe kumhlaba omalunge nama 75% womhlaba olinyiweyo. Nangona kwakulinywe iindidi ezininzi ze mandarin, iNardocott yayiyeyona ndidi ityalwe kakhulu jikelele, kuma 37% wezityalo zonke. Inova yona yayibalelwa kwi 19% ze yona iTango imele isibalo esimalunga ne 12% womhlaba opheleleyo olinyiweyo.
I-Nardocott yona yaveliswa kwiminyaka engaphakwa kwamashumi amane, yaveliswa ngezithole ze Murcoot kwisikhululo sokuvavanya izityalo kwilizwe lase Morocco. Abavelisi baqaphela ukuba ukuba ezi zithole zaziphulukene nembewu yazo xa zingandiswanga (not pollinated). Le ndidi ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ingenantanga, kwaye ityeka lula, kwaye ineswekile eninzi kunye nencasa eshoqololo.
Le ndidi iphantsi kwamalungelo abatyali kwi Nkampani ebizwa nge Nardorcott Protection Company kwilizwe lase Morocco. Le nkampani ilawula amagunya okulima akwi Northern Hemisphere ne Citrogold eseMzantsi Afrika, yona ke elawula ezise Southern Hemisphere. Esona siqhamo sihamba phambili se Nardorcott fruit eMzantsi Afrika, sithengiswa phantsi kwe ClemenGold® brand. Esi siqhamo sivunwa ukusuka embindini wenyanga ka Juni ukuya embindini kweka Agasti.
I-Nova ngumxube owenziwa nge clementine kunye ne olando tangelo. Ineentanga ezingephi, nangona zikhona ezingenazo kwaa ntanga, kwaye yona ivunwa ukusukela kwinyanga ka Meyi ukuya kweka Juni.
IiClementine
iiClementines kua kholeleka ukuba zavela ngokudibana kwembewu edibene nezithole ze mandarin. Ekuqaleni, kwakucingeleka ukuba esi siqhamo sadityaniswa ngum missionary womFrench, uClément Rodier, kwigadi yomzi ohlala iinkedama kwilizwe lase Algeria. Kodwa enye imbali yaphinda yavela ekuhambeni kwexesha, nekholelwa ukuba esi siqhamo sazidibanela, kwaye siphantse safana ne Canton mandarin etyalwa kulo lonke elase China.
Ngomnyaka ka 2017, iclementine yayithathe i17% yomhlaba opheleleyo ekulinywe kuwo iziqhamo ze citrus ethambileyo eMzantsi Afrika. Zininzi iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezityaliweyo kodwa imveliso eninzi yeye Nules, nezilinywe kumhlaba ongaphaya kwama 73%. Le ndidi yabonwa ngomnyaka ka 1953 kufuphi nedolophu yase Nules kwilizwe lase Spain. Esi siqhamo sivunwa ukusuka kwiinyanga zika Epreli ukuya kwezika Juni.
I-Esbal, neyayiyeyona ndidi ilinywa kakhulu. Izityalo zayo zibalelwa kuma 7% womhlaba olinyiweyo.
IiSatsuma
iiSatsuma zithwala iziqhamo ezincinane ukuya kweziphakathi, nezimbaca ukumila. Maxa wambi ziba nendawo ingathi yintamo. Azifane zibe nantanga kwaye zinemicu ekulula ukuyiqhekeza. eMzantsi Afrika zikwabizwa nge naartjies.
iiSatsumas kukholeleka ukuba zaqala kwilizwe lase China, kodwa igama lazo lisuka kwindawo ese Mzantsi Ntshona Japana, nalapho zaqala khona ukubonwa kwiminyanga engama 700 eyadlulayo.
Ngomnyaka ka 2017, ezi ziqhamo zazilinywe kumhlaba ongama 9% kuphela ekulinywa kuwo icitrus ezithambileyo. Logama ezinye iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zilinywa, eyona ilinywa kakhulu yi Miho Wase. Le ndidi ivuthwa msinywa yayithathe umhlaba ongama 75% ekulinywa kuwo ngomnyaka ka 2017. Le ndidi, neyabhaliswa ngominyaka yoo 1960, yaqala ukuveliswa kwilizwe lase Japan kwi Miyagawa Wase satsuma. Le ndidi ayizange ibeyimpumelelo kweze ntengiso kwilizwe lase Japan njengalapha eMzantsi Afrika.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana
I-Citrus ethambileyo ibhekisele kwi subdivision ye citrus enamaxolo athambileyo nekulula ukuyi xobula. Iimandarins, clementines, satsumas, m...