Kuna tinxaka to hambana hambana ta citrus yovevuka leti byariwaka e Afrika Dzonga. Lexinga avanyisiwaka hi mintlawa yinharhu: mandarins, clementines, na satsumas. Ku hlawula muxaka swinga lawuriwa hi swilaveko swa ti makete xikan’we naku lulamela ka muxaka eka swiyimo swa vuhumelerisi e purasini.
Malamula ya Mandarin
Ti mandarins nati tangerines kuya hi ntiyiso I muhandzu wun’we. Kuhambana lokunga eka vito kuya hi ndzhawu leyi muhandzu wunga tumbuluka kona. Ti mandarins swivula muhandzu wovevuka wa citrus lowu ehleketeleriwaka kuva wu tumbuluke e dzongeni vupela dyambu bya China, loko ti tangerines ti ehleketeleriwaka leswaku ti tumbuluke e Tangiers, doroba rale Morocco.
Ti mandarins, hambiswiritano, titshembiwa kuva ti tumbuluke kusuka eka malamula yale nhoveni lawa ya milaka e nwalungu vuhuma dyambu bya tiko ra India kwalomu ko tlula 3 000 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Kusukela kwalano mihandzu leyi yikongome e tikweni ra China, kusuka kona yaya e Europe nale North Africa.
Hi lembe ra 2017, ti mandarins akuri mihandzu leyi byariwaka ngopfu, leyi ayiri kwalomu ka kufikela 75% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi. Loko tinxaka totala ta ti mandarin taha byariwa, Nardorcott akuri muxaka lowu awu byariwa ngopfu, kwalomu ka 37% wa swibyariwa. Nova yona yive eka 19% kutani Tango yiva kwalomu ka 12% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi.
Nardocott yitumbulukile kutlula kwalomu ka makume mune wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke kusuka eka swimilani swa Murcott eka xitichi xa vulavisisi e Morocco. Vabyari vakume leswaku swimilani leswi swilahle xivumbeko xa mbewu ya swona loko kunga endliwangi pollination. Muxaka lowu wu tsakeriwa ngopfu hikokwalaho ka leswi wungariki na tinyungu, wuva na khwalithi yo hlawuleka loko wudyiwa xikan’we nakuva ka chukele rale henhla na nantswo wa kahle.
Muxaka lowu wule hansi ka timfanelo ta vabyari va swimilani, nava Nardorcott Protection Company e Morocco leyi lawulaka timfanelo ta muxaka lowu e Northern Hemisphere xikan’e na Citrogold e Afrika Dzonga leyi lawulaka e Southern Hemisphere. Muxaka wa xiyimo xale henhla swinene wa muhandzu wa Nardorcott e Afrika Dzonga wuxavisiwa ehansi ka vito ra ClemenGold®. Muhandzu lowu wu tshoveriwa kusukela exikarhi ka June kuya eka August.
Nova I mpfanganyiso lowu tumbulukeke loko ku hlanganisiwe clementine mandarin na olando tangelo. Wuna tinyungu tale xikarhi kuya eka letingariki na tinyungu naswona wutshoveriwa kusukela hi May kuya eka June.
Ti Clementines
Ti clementines ti vikiwa kuva ti tumbuluke hi khombo endzhaku ka mpfanganyiso wa swimilani swa mandarin. Ekusunguleni, aku ehleketiwa leswaku mpfanganyiso lowu wu tumbuluxiwe hi French missionary, Clément Rodier, exirhapeni xa ndzhawu leyi ku tshamaka vana lava pfumalaka vatswari e Algeria. Kambe kuve na ku pfumela kun’wana loku tumbulukeke endzhaku, ka leswaku muhandzu lowu wu tumbuluke hindlela yin’wana, tani hi leswi wulavaka ku fana swinene na Canton mandarin lowu byariwaka e tikweni ra China hinkwaro.
Hi lembe ra 2017, clementine yiyimeriwe hikwalomu ka 17% wa swibyariwa eka ndzhawu hinkwayo ya mihandzu leyi yo vevuka e Afrika Dzonga. Tinxaka totala tohambana hambana ta byariwa, kambe vuhumelerisi byi talele hiti Nules, letingava na kutlula 73% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi. Muxaka lowu wu kumekile hi lembe ra 1953 kusuhi na doroba ra Nules e tikweni ra Spain. Muhandzu lowu wutshoveriwa kusukela hi April kuya fika hi June.
Esbal, lowu akuri muxaka wandhuma swinene, wuve na 7% wa swibyariwa.
Ti Satsumas
Ti satsumas tina mihandzu yale xikarhi leyingana xivumbeko xo phambarhala. Nkarhi wun’wana tina nhamu nyana eka tona, titala kuva tingari na tinyungu endzeni naswona ti avanyisiwile leswi endlaka leswaku swi olova ku tihambanyisa. E Afrika Dzonga, titiveka tani hi swinerekisi.
Ti satsumas ti ehleketeleriwa kuva ti tumbuluke e China, kambe tikuma vito ra tona kusuka eka ndzhawu yin’wana e dzonga vupela dyambu bya Japan, laha tinga vikiwa kona rosungula kwalomu ka 700 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke.
Hi lembe ra 2017, ti satsumas atiri na kwalomu ka 9% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi bya citrus yo vevuka. Loko vuhumelerisi bya tinxaka tin’wana byi byariwa, muxaka lowu byariwaka ngopfu I muxaka wa Miho Wase. Muxaka lowu wu hatlisaka ku vupfa wuna kwalomu ka kutlula 75% wa ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi hinkwabyo hi lembe ra 2017. Muxaka lowu, lowunga tsarisiwa hi malembe yava 1960s, wu tumbulukile e Japan kusuka eka muxaka wa Miyagawa Wase satsuma. Muxaka lowu awuse tshama wuhumelela eka kuxavisiwa e tikweni ra Japan loko ku pimanyisiwa na leswi wu humelerisaka xiswona e Afrika Dzonga.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni
Citrus yo vevuka swivula xiyenge xa citrus leyingana makamba lawa ya vandlekaka hiku olova....