Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezithambile zamawolintshi ezitshaliwe eNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa kube amaqembu amathathu: ama-mandarin, ama-clementine, nama-satsumas. Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kunqunywa ngesidingo semakethe kanye nokufaneleka kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimweni zokukhiqiza epulazini.
Ama-Mandarin Oranges
AmaMandarins kanye nama-tangerine ayizithelo ezifanayo. Umehluko egameni ulele endaweni yezithelo okwakucatshangwa ukuthi zaqhamuka kuzo. AmaMandarins abhekisela kumawolintshi athambile okucatshangwa ukuthi akhula eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina, kanti kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-tangerine athuthukisa eTangiers, idolobha laseMorocco.
AmaMandarins, nokho, kukholakala ukuthi avela emawolintshi asendle akhula enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3 000 edlule. Ukusuka lapho i-citrus yahamba yaya eChina, futhi ukusuka lapho yaya eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ngo-2017, ama-mandarin ayeyi-citrus ethambile kakhulu etshalwe kakhulu, ayicishe abe yi-75% yendawo yonke esetshenzisiwe lapho kukhiqizwa khona. Ngenkathi kutholakala uhla olukhulu lwezinhlobo zeMandarin, iNardorcott yona yatshalwa kakhulu, cishe yi-37% yazo zonke izinto ezitshaliwe. I-Nova yabalelwa ku-19% kanti iTango limelele cishe i-12% yendawo yonke esetshenzisiwe.
I-Nardocott yathuthukisa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane eyedlule ngaphandle kwezithombo zikaMurcott esiteshini sokuhlola eMorocco. Abatshali babona ukuthi izithombo zazilahlekelwe isimilo sazo lapho zingazange zivuthwe. Le nhlobonhlobo iyadingeka kakhulu ngoba cishe ayinayo imbewu, nekhwalithi yokudla engafani noshukela ophakeme ohlangene nokunambitheka okukhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingaphansi kwamalungelo okwenziwa kwezitshalo, iNardorcott Protection Company eseMorocco elawula amalungelo okulima eNyakatho Nenkabazwe kanye neCitrogold eSouth Africa eyilawula eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izithelo ezinhle kakhulu zeNardorcott zaseNingizimu Afrika zithengiswa ngaphansi komkhiqizo wakwaClemenGold®. Izithelo zivunwa kusuka maphakathi noJuni kuya maphakathi no-Agasti.
I-Nova iyi-hybrid eyaphuma ku-clementine mandarin ne-olando tangelo. Inhlanyelo ngokulingana ibe yingenanembewu futhi ivunwa kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni.
Ama-Clementine
Ama-Clementines kucatshangwa ukuthi aqhamuke ku-hybrid ngengozi eyakhiwa izithombo ze-mandarin. Ekuqaleni, bekucatshangwa ukuthi le nguqulo yatholakala isithunywa sevangeli esingumFrance, uClément Rodier, esivandeni sezintandane e-Algeria. Kepha omunye umbono wabamba kamuva, wokuthi lo citrus unemvelaphi yasemakhaya, ngoba icishe ifane neCanton mandarin etshalwe kulo lonke elase China.
Ngo-2017, i-clementine imele cishe i-17% yendawo yonke etshalwe ngaphansi kwezithelo ezisawolintshi eNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zitshaliwe, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kuphethwe yiNules, eyayingaphezulu kuka-73% yendawo yonke ekhiqizwayo. Izinhlobonhlobo lezi zatholakala ngonyaka we-1953 eduzane nedolobha laseNules eSpain. Izithelo zivunwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni.
U-Esbal, obekuloluhlobo lwesibili oludumile, ubengu-7% wezihlahla ezitshaliwe.
Ama-Satsumas
Ama-Satsuma athela izithelo ezincane eziphakathi nendawo ezimise okomhlana obanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyanxanxwa kancane, azinazo ezinye izimbewu futhi zinezindawo okulula ukuhlukanisa. E-Ningizimu Afrika, baziwa nangokuthi ama-naartjies.
Ama-Satsuma kucatshangelwa ukuthi avela eChina, kodwa athathe amagama awo endaweni eseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Japan, lapho kwabikwa khona okokuqala eminyakeni engama-700 eyedlule.
Ngo-2017, ama-satsuma abalwa cishe yi-9% yendawo yonke engaphansi kwezithelo ezisawolintshi. Ngenkathi kudalwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo, inhlobonhlobo etshalwe kakhulu kwakunguMi Wase. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kusenesikhathi ibingaphezulu kwama-75% ayo yonke indawo eyayikhiqizwa ngonyaka we-2017. Izinhlobonhlobo, ezazibhaliswe ngawo-1960, zakhiwa eJapan zisuka eMiyagawa Wase-satsuma. Izinhlobonhlobo azizange zibe yimpumelelo enkulu kwezentengiso eJapan njengoba kwenzeka naseNingizimu Afrika.
Translated by Nsika Khoza
I-soft citrus isho ukwahlukaniswa kwezithelo ezisawolintshi enesikhumba esilinganiselwe futhi okulula ukusixola....