I-Hemp isetjenziswa ku-Cannabis sativa, begodu imumethe amaleveli aphasi we-euphoric cannabinoid THC, begodu sele isetjenziselwe ukwakha kusukela emandulo. Ukwenza isibonelo, khabe isetjenziswa babantu egade bahlala e-Roma emandulo ukuqinisa idaka labo lokha nabakha amablorho, begodu abantu be-China gade bayisebenzisa ihlanganisela ye-hemp esikelelweko, kanye namatje ahlanganiswe namafutha ukuvala imikhumbi.
Imihlobo ye-Hemp Ekhabe Isetjenziswa Njengometheriyali Wokwakha
Kunemihlobohlobo ye-hemp nanyana i-(Cannabis sativa) esetjenziswa emabubulweni okwakha.
Ingaphakathi elisakhuni le-hemp, elihlukaniswe mithiya emide, lisikelelwa iincetjhana ezibizwa bona ma-hemp hurd. I-Hurd yenza isiqu se-hemp esimaphesendi ayi-70. Ingaphakathi le-hemp leli line-silica eyi-70% ekuyivumela bona ihlangane kuhle ne-limestone.
I-Hempcrete yenziwe ngehlanganisela yengodo ezisikiweko kanye nesiqephu sangaphakathi sesiqu se-hemp ezimumethe i-hydrualic lime yemvelo kanye nenani eliphasi lesamende. I-Hempcrete isetjenziselwa ukufaka amafreyimu emabodeni.
Iskhumba sayo sangaphandle nanyana ama-bast fibres wesiqu se-hemp agandelelwe eentineni, kanye nemithiyeni ye-hem, kuthi i-hemp isetjenziselwe ukwakha amaboda. Amashidi akheke inga sa-hemp angasetjenziselwa ukujamiselela imithiya emarhalasi azingubo zokuvala.
Imbewu se-hemp zigandelelwe kobana zikhiqize amafutha we-hemp, asetjenziselwa ukuvanitjha iingodo, nokomisa ipende.
I-Hemp Esetjinziselwa Ukukwakha
I-Hempcrete ngeze yajamiselela i-concrete ngebanga lokobana ayirhoni ukubamba izinto ezibudisi. I-Hemp, nanyana kunjalo irhona ukuvala kuhle izinto ezingaphasi kwamastandadi womthetjhwana.
Ngebanga lokobana iyimetheriyali engenelelekako, i-hemp irhona ukurhodlhelela ubuswe, ikhandele i-condensation emabodeni ngaphakathi, irhona ukudosa amalitha ayi-14 wamanzi. I-Hemp ayidliwa nazinunwana.
I-Hemp sitjalo esikhula msinya, esingatlhogi amanzi amanengi, begodu asitlhogi amakhemikhali kobana sitjalwe nanyana kobana kwenziwe ngaso i-hurd. Kubalelwa kobana kutlhogeka istandi esingaba lihekutha linye kobana kukhiqizwe amatani ayi-8 we-hump. Indawo engako yanele kobana ingakhipha imatheriyali yokwakha eyi-50 m2.
Ukungezelela ekutheni istjalo esilula njalo, nesikhula masinya njalo, i-hemp eyenziwe yaba yi-hempcrete yimatheriyali enganayo i-carbon. Okutjho bona alodlhelela i-carbiondioxide emoyeni esilinganisweni esiyi-110 kg se-CO2 per m3 yeboda le-hempcrete.
Nasithathela ehloko zoke izinto ezihle ezingenziwa nge-hemp - kobana iyavikela, iyaphefumeula kanye nokobana ilodlhelela i-CO2 indleko zokwakha iboda le-hemp wall zizokufana nendleko zokwakha iboda le-masonry evalwe nge-60 mm extruded polystyrene.
Imakhiwo ye-Hemp eSewula Africa
Ekapa amafemu wezokwakha sele asebenzise i-hemp emetheriyalini yokwakha kusukela ngonyaka ka-2008. Amanye amabanga wokusebenzisa i-hemp, kuphungula imitlhala ye-carbon lokha nakwakhiwako, begodu kulula ukwakha ngayo. I-Hemp ayiyitlhogi bona abantu babe nerhono lokwakha imakhawo.
Emakhiweni eminengi yeSewula Africa, i-hemp gade isetjenziswa ukufaka amafreyimu. Ekapa, kwakhiwa indlu eyi-12 storey ngonyaka ka-(2019) ngokusebenzisa iintina ezenziwe nge-hemp ukwakha amaboda wangendlini. Ubuhle balokho kukobana itjhiya imitlhala emincani ye-CO2 evala kuhle, begodu nephungula ubudisi ebodeni elingaphakathi.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2019, i-hemp ithunyelwa eenarheni zangaphandle khulukhulu enarheni ye-United Kingdom kanye neye-France. Imetheriyali ebuya eentjalweni ze-hemp yeSewula Africa sele isetjenziselwe ukwakha iincenye zemakhiwo, kodwana kusukela ngonyaka ka-2019 azikho iintjalo ezikhona ekurhetjwa ngazo ngomncopho wokwenza inzuzo.
Ukusetjenziswa kwemetheriyali yokwakha eyenziwe nge-hemp inerhono lokudala amathuba yemesebenzi kanye nokuphungula khulu imitlhala ye-CO2 ebubulweni lokwakha sele liphelele, kubika u-Oliver Wolf we-WolfandWolf Architects.
Ibubulweli lilinde urhulumende weSewula Africa kobana livumele abalimi kobana batjale i-hemp emabubulweni. Njenganje abahlali beSewula Africa basarhubhulula imithombo ekhona ye-hemp eenarheni eziseduze ze-South African Development Community (SADC) ebesele babone irhonakalo ekulu yemp yokukhulisa imitho yenarha zabo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana