Hemp, ndi tshipida tsha zwaCannabis sativa, ivha ina tshikalo tshituku tsha euphoric cannabinoid THC, tsho shumiswa sa tshithu tsha u fhata na nga tshifhinga tsha vho makhulukuku washu. Sa tsumbo, yo shumiswa nga vhadzimu vha vha roma hu tshi khou iteliwa u khwathisa daka lavho musi hu tshi khou itwa dzi buroho. Vhathu vha China vha i shumisa vha tshi khou i tanganisa na ine ya vha yo fhungudzeliwa, ground limestone, na tung oil vha tshi khou vala zwikepe zwavho.
U Sikiwa Ha Hemp I Tshi Khou Vha Tshishumiswa Tsha U Fhata
Huna zwithu zwine zwa vha uri zwo fhambana zwa u sika (Cannabis sativa) zwine zwa shuma kha ndowetshumo ya u fhata.
Zwine zwa vha nga ngomu ha thanda, zwi vha wo bviswa kha fibre ine ya vha ndapfu zwa geredzeliwa zwa bva zwipida zwituku zwine zwavhidziwa upfi hemp hurd. Hurd ita zwine zwa swika 70% oya stak tsha hemp. Havha vhudzivhani ha hep huna zwithu zwine zwa vha uri ndi zwa silica zwine zwa swika 70% zwine wa ita uri i kone u nambatela zwavhudi na limestone.
Hempcrete i itwa nga u tanganisa thanda ine vha uri yo khatekanyiwa zwa nga ngomu hayo na zwine zwa shuma u tanganisa zwine zwa vha zwi na hydraulic lime na semennde ine ya vha uri ndi thukhu. Hempcrete i shuma sa tshithu tsha u dadzisa vhukati ha dzi thambo dzine dza vha dzo ima kha luvhondo.
Lukanda lune lwa vha uri lu nga nnda kana bast fibres lwa hemp stalk lu vha lu tshi khou fhungudzeliwa kha non-structural blocks, semi-rigid sheets ya hemp fibre na hemp felt, zwothe zwi vha zwi tshi khou shuma kha u tanganiswa na u kona u fhata luvhondo. Hedzi dzi hemp dzi nga shuma musi hu tshi khou litwa dzi fibreglass insulation blankets.
Mbeu ya hemp i tou putedziwa uri i kone u bveledza mapfura a hemp, zwine zwa shumisa musi hu tshi khou fhedziwa u itwa dzi thanda, sa tshithu tsha u omisa dzi thanda.
Zwishumiswa Zwa Hemp Sa Tshithu Tsha U Fhata
Hempcrete a i koni u vala tshikhala tsha concrete ngauri zwayo zwithu zwa u hwala zwo kaliwa. Hemp naho zwo ralo ina zwithu zwine zwa vha zwa maimo a nntha-ndi milayo ine ya vha ya maimo a nntha. Na u kona u shuma sa tshithu tshine tsha sa lemele, iya femea ya dovha ya kona u fara muya.
Sa tshithu tshine tsha shuma u fhata tsha kona u ita uri zwithu zwi thabe, iya kona uri hu vhe na u dzhena muya, ya thivhela u tsitsikana kha zwithu zwine zwa vha uri zwi nga ngomu nahone iya kona u tsonzwa madi ane aswika 14 litres. Hemp i dovha hafhu ya vha microbe na zwikhokhonono azwi koni u dzhena khayo.
Hemp ndi tshimela tshine tsha hula nga u tavhanya ina u toda madi hune ha vha hutuku nahone ai todi zwithu zwine zwa vha zwa mishonga uri i kone u hula kana musi i tshi khou vhewa. Hu ya humbuleliwa uri tshitentsi tshine tsha nga kona u swika 1ha tshi ya kona u swikisa zwithu zwa 8 tons zwa hemp hurd. Hezwi zwi ya vha wo lingana u bveledza zwithu zwa u fhata zwa 50 m2.
U tshi nga tou engedza zwino zwo ralo zwi vha zwo leluwa na u hula u tavhanya, hemp sa tshithu tsha hempcrete ndi carbon-negative material. Hezwi zwi ya kona u amba uri iya kona u valela carbon dioxide kha muya nga tshikalo tsha 110 kg CO2 per m3 hempcrete wall.
U tshi nga dzhia zwithu zwothe zwavhudi zwa hemp – insulation, u femea na CO2 sequestration – u dura ha luvhondo lwa hemp zwi vha zwi tshi khou fana na u dura kha insulated nga 60 mm extruded polystyrene.
Zwifhato Zwa Hemp Afrika Tshipembe
Feme ire Cape Town ya zwa architectural vho vha vha tshi khou shumisa zwithu zwa hemp ubva nga vho 2008. Dzinwe dza mbuno dza u shumisa hemp ndi u fhungudzea ha carbon hu tshi khou fhatiwa ho sedzwa zwinzhi, zwithu zwa hone zwi ya leluwa u zwishumisa kha u fhata. Zwinwe zwithu zwine zwa vha uri ndi zwo u fhedzisa zwi vha zwi tshi khou sumbedza zwishumisa zwa hemp azwi tou toda uri vhathu vha vhe na zwi kili zwa u fhata.
Kha dzi nndu nnzhi dzine dza vha uri ndi dza Afrika Tshipembe dzine dza vha uri ho shuma hemp, ivha i tshi khou shuma nga ndila ya hempcrete i tshi khou tanganiswa vhukati ha dzi timber structural frames. Cape Town, huna tshifhato tsha 12-storey tsho fhatiwaho nga (2019) hu tshi khou shumiswa dzi hemp block kha dzi mbondo dza nga ngomu. Mbuyelo ya dzi mbondo hedzi ndi uri dzi fhasi nga CO2 footprint, muungo une wa vha uri u ya pfala na u fhungudzea ha tshikalo tsha dzi mbondo dza nga ngomu.
Ubva nga 2019 dzothe dzi hemp hurd, kanzhi dzine dza vha dzi tshi khou bva UK na France. Zwishumiswa zwine zwa vha uri zwi vha zwi tshi khou bva kha Hemp ya Afrika Tshipembe yo shumiswa kha zwipida zwa musi hu tshi kha di tou bveledziwa, fhedzi ubva nga (2019) atshi tsheho tshimela kha thengiso.
“U shumiswa ha hemp kha ndowetshumo ya u fhata hu na mbuyelo kha u siela vhathu mishumo na u fhungudzea huhulwane ha CO2 footprint kha ndowetshumo ya zwa u fhata”, vha ralo vho Oliver Wolf ubva kha WolfandWolf Architects.
Vha ndowetshumo vho lindela nga mbilu dzavho dzothe uri ndowetshumo i fanela uri i tendele vhatavhi. Nga hetsho tshifhinga, Afrika Tshipembe vha vha vha tshi khou wama hemp kha mashango avha ledzani South African Development Community (SADC) vhane vho no vhona mushumo muhulwane wa Hemp kha ikonomi yavho.
Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe