Hemp,i muxaka wa Cannabis sativa, lowungana nhlayo yale hansi swinene ya euphoric cannabinoid THC, leyi tirhisiweke tani hi xiaki eka minkarhi yakhale swinene. Xikombiso, ayi tirhisiwa hi rixaka ra ma Roma ra khale kuva va tiyisa ridaka ro aka hirona eka mabiloho xikan’we na ma China ava tirhisa nkatsakanyo wa hemp leyi tsemeleriweke, limestone leyi kandziweke, na mafurha ya tung kuva va lema swikwekwetsu swa vona.
Swivumbeko Swa Hemp Eka Vumaki
Swivumbeko swohambana hambana swa hemp (Cannabis sativa) switirhisiwa eka tindzhawu ta vumaki.
Leswingale ndzeni ka ntsandza wa hemp, swi susiwa eka ti fibre to leha kutani switsemeleriwa swiva swipetlu petlu leswi vuriwaka hemp hurd. Hurd ti endla kwalomu ka 70% wa rinhu ra hemp. Leswi swale ndzeni ka hemp swina vukona bya silica leyinga kwalomu ka 70% leyi yi pfumelelaka kuva yi namarhelana kahle na limestone.
Hempcrete yi endliwa hikuva ku katsiwa swalendzeni ka rinhu leswi tsemeleriweke swa rinhu ra hemp xikan’we na xihlanganisi lexingana hydraulic lime ya ntumbuluko xikan’we na nhlayo yintsongo swinene ya semende. Hempcrete yitirhisiwa tani hi lexi pfalaka “in-fill” exikarhi katipala na makhumbi.
Nhlonge yakona yale handle kumbe bast fibres ya rinhu ra hemp yi gandliwa kutani yiva switina leswikulu, swofulela swotiya swa hemp fibre xikan’we na hemp felt, leswi hinkwaswo switirhisiwa kupfala xikan’we naku aka makhumbi. Swofulela leswi swa hemp swinga tirhisiwa tani hi leswi tekaka vundzhawu bya fibreglass leyinga tirhisiwaka ku sivela ku lahleka ka kuhisa.
Mbewu ya hemp ya kamiwa leswaku yita humesa mafurha ya hemp, lawa ya tirhisiwaka ku hatimiisa mintsandza, kususa swipatsu xikan’we naku pfuneta kuva pende yi hatlisa ku oma.
Swilo Leswi Endlaka Hemp Eka Vumaki
Hempcrete yingaka yinga teki vundzhawu bya concrete leyi tiyisiweke hikuva yina vuswikoti byo khoma ndzhwalo lowu pimiweke. Hemp, hambiswiritano, yina vuswikoti bya kahle swinene byaku hlayisa ku hisa kumbe ku titimela-hindlela ya kahle kuringanela swipimelo. Hile tlhelo yitirha kahle tani hi “in-fill” yo vevuka, yikota ku hefemula naswona yi hlayisa moya endzeni.
Tani hi xiaki lexi pfumelelaka ndzongho, hemp yikota kulawula kutsakama, yisivela kuva na mati endzeni naswona yinga tswonga kwalomu ka 14 wa ti litara ta mati. Hemp yitlhela yikota ku kondzelela ti microbe na switsotswana.
Hemp I ximilani lexi kulaka hiku hatlisa swinene lexinga laveki mati yotala naswona axilavi ti khemikali kuva xikula kumbe kuva xilulamisiwa leswaku xiva hurd. Ku ehleketeleriwa leswaku xitandi xa kwalomu ka 1 ha xinga vuyerisa kwalomu ka 8 tons ta hemp hurd. Leswinga ringanela kuva switisa swo aka leswinga akaka muako wa 50 m2.
Ku engetelela eka ku fikeleleka ka ku byariwa ka swimilani leswi swo olova naku hatlisa kubyariwa, hemp hi xivumbeko xa hempcrete I ximaki lexingariki na carbon eka xona. Leswi swivula leswaku carbon dioxide ya hlayiseka kusuka exibakabakeni hikwalomu ka mpimo wa 110 kg CO2 hi m3 xa khumbi ra hempcrete.
Ku tekeriwa enhlokweni hinkwaswo leswinene hi hemp - kuhlayisa mahiselo, ku kota ku hefemula xikan’we na CO2 - tihakelo ta khumbi ra hemp titava tifana swinene na tihakelo ta khumbi ra masonry leri phutseriweke hi kwalomu ka 60 mm extruded polystyrene.
Miako ya Hemp e Afrika Dzonga
Khampani yaku tumbuluxa ti pulani ta miako yale Cape Town ayiri eku tirhiseni ka hemp tani hi swo aka kusukela hi lembe ra 2008. Xin’wana xa swivangelo swaku tirhisiwaka hemp ikuva kulava ku hungutiwa vukona bya carbon eka ntirho wo aka, vuswikoti byo hlawuleka bya hemp xikan’we naku olova ku aka hi yona. Xin’wana hi leswaku hemp yikombisa yinga lavi leswaku vanhu vava na vuswikoti byaku aka miako.
Eka tiyindlo totala ta Afrika Dzonga leti akiweke hi hemp, hemp ayi tirhisiwe tani hi hempcrete laha ayi cheriwe exikarhi ka mapulangi na mafureme. E Cape Town, muako wa swithezi swa 12 wu akiwile hi lembe ra 2019 hiku tirhisa switina leswikulu swa hemp eka makhumbi yale ndzeni. Swakahle hi leswi ikuva kuri na CO2 yintsongo, kuhunguteka ka mpfumawulo xikan’we naku hungutiwa ka ntiko wa makhumbi yale ndzeni.
Kusukela hi 2019, hemp hurd hinkwayo ayita kusuka ematikweni yale handle, ngopfu ngopfu kusuka e United Kingdom nale France. Switirhisiwa kusuka eka swibyariwa swa hemp ya Afrika Dzonga switirhisiwile eka ku endliwa ka swiphemu swa vumaki, kambe, kusukela hi 2019 akuna swibyariwa leswinga fikeleriwaka leswi xavisiwaka.
“Kutirhisiwa ka hemp eka swa vumaki swina mbuyelo wa kahle swinene eka ku vanga mintirho naswona swihunguta swinene kutala ka CO2 eka tindzhawu ta vumaki hinkwato”, leswi swivuriwe hi Oliver Wolf kusuka eka WolfandWolf Architects.
Tindzhawu leti ta vumaki tiyimele mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga kuva wupfumelela van’wamapurasi ku byala hemp ya swavumaki. Eka nkarhi lowu, Ma Afrika Dzonga vale ku lavisiseni tindlela tin’wana taku kuma hemp kusuka eka matiko akelana ya South African Development Community (SADC) lava se vanga vona vuswikoti lebyikulu bya hemp eka ti ikhonomi ta vona.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni