I-Hemp, eyinzalelwane ye Cannabis sativa, inamazinga asezantsi we cannabinoid THC eyenza umntu azive onwabile, isetyenziswa njengengxenye kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kusokhiwa kwamandulo. Umzekelo, yayisetyenziswa ngama Roma akudala ukwenza imotha yomelele xa besenza izakhiwo zee bhulorho, ze ama China asebenzise umxube we hemp ekeriweyo, iground limestone, ne tung oil ukutywina imikhumbe yawo.
Iintlobo ze Hemp Yokokha
Intlobo ze hemp zininzi (Cannabis sativa) zisetyenziswa ekokheni.
Umphakathi we hemp womthi/planga, uhlulwa kwimisebe emide ze isikwe ibezi pisi zibizwa ngokuba zi hemp hurd. Ihurd yenza malunga no 70% wediza le hemp. Umphakathi we hemp une silica emalunga no 70% eyenza incamathele kakuhle ne limestone.
Izitena ze hemp zenziwa ngokudibanisa uphakathi wamaplanga axoziweyo wediza le hemp kunye noko kudibanisayo okune hydraulic lime kunye ne samente encinci. Izitena ze hemp zisetyenziswa ukukhusela “ngaphakathi” phakathi kwamaplanga asetyenziswa ukwenza isakhelo samadonga.
Umphandle wesikhumba okanye owaziwa njenge bast fibres zediza le hemp icinezelwa ibezizitena ezingenabo ubume, amashithi angaqinanga ncam we fibre ye hemp ne hemp felt, zonke zisetyenziswa ukukhusela nokokha amadonga. Lamashithi we hemp angasetyenziswa ngqo endaweni ye ngubo ezifakwayo zokukhusela ze fibreglass.
Iinkozo ze hemp ziyakhanywa ukuze zivelise i-oli yenkozo, ethi isetyenziswe ukwenza amaplanga abemahle omelele, ukwenza amaplanga adibane ikwaxutywa kwi peyinti ukuyenza ikhawuleze ukoma.
Intwana-ntwana ze Hemp Yokokha
Amatye we hemp awakwazi ukuthabatha indawo yamatye aqhelekileyo kuba yona inemida ethile malunga nokuba kulayishwa engakanani. Ihemp ke kodwa, inobushushu obukwaziyo ukudibanisa- ngapha kwemithetho yolawulo. Isebenza ngoku mangalisayo kwaye ‘iyayithabatha indawo’, iyaphefumla kwaye iyawugcina umoya.
Njenge zixhobo zokwakha apho ukufuma kuphumela khona, ihemp iyakwazi ukulawula ukufuma ngaphakathi, ithintele ukunyuka komophu ubengamanzi okanye ukufuma (condensation) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kwaye iyakwazi ukufunxa ukuyokuma kwi 14 litres yamanzi. Ihemp iyanyamezela kwizinambuzane neentsholongwane.
I-Hemp sisityalo esikhula ngoku khawuleza esingenazo izidingo zamanzi amaninzi kwaye ayidingi khemikhali ukuze ikhuliswe okanye ukuze yenziwe ihurd. Kuqikelelwa okokuba indawo engange 1 ha ingavelisa malunga ne 8 tons ye hemp hurd. Oku kwanele ukuvelisa ukwenza okudingekayo ukokha indlu ebubukhulu obungama 50 m2 .
Ukongeza ekugcinweni besisivuno silula, sikhawulezayo ukukhula, ihemp njenga matye okokha ayidibani ne carbon. Oku kuthetha okokuba iyayivalela icarbon dioxide emoyeni kwizinga le 110 kg CO2 kwi m3 yodonga olwenziwe ngamatye okwakha we hemp.
Xa ke sithabathela ingqalelo zonke ezizinto zilungileyo ze hemp – ukogquma, ukuphefumla kunye nokuthabatha i-CO2 – ixabiso lodonga lwe hemp lizakufana kwidonga I masonry efakwe ama 60 mm extruded polystyrene.
Izakhiwo Ezenziwe nge Hemp eMzantsi Afrika
Inkampani esebenza ngezakhiwo yase Kapa ibisebenzisa ihemp ngesixhobo sokokha ukususela ngonyaka ka 2008. Esinye sezizathu zokusebenzisa ihemp kukunciphisa ungcoliseko ngexesha kusakhiwa, ihemp ngenxa yokukwazi ukutywina okanye ukudibanisa nokubalula ukokha ngayo. Okokugqibela kokokuba ukokha nge hemp akudingi abantu abanesakhono ekwakheni.
Kwinkoliso yezakhiwo eli lo Mzantsi Afrika ezenziwe nge hemp (izindlu), ihemp isetyenziswe nje ngamatye okokha ngaphakathi kwamaplanga kwizakhiwo zodonga. Kwelase Kapa, isakhiwo esine migangatho elishumi elinambini (12) sithe sokhiwa ngonyaka ka (2019) kusetyenziswa izitena ze hemp kwidonga langaphakathi. Olona ncedo loku ngamazinga aphantsi we CO2, ukhuseleko kwingxolo nokwehliswa kubunzima bamadonga angaphakathi.
Ngonyaka ka 2019, zonke ihemp hurd zithengwa kwamanye amazwe, kakhulu e-United Kingdom nase France. Izixhobo zokokha ezisuka kwelo Mzantsi Afrika izityalo ze hemp zisetyenziswe ekwenzeni iintwana ze sakhiwo, kodwa okwa ngoku (2019) asikho isivuno esithengisekayo.
“Ukusetyenziswa kwe hemp kwizakhiwo kwenza imisebenzi kuluntu, nokwehlisa I-CO2, nomzila ekwakheni ngokupheleleyo”, utsho u Oliver Wolf wase WolfandWolf Architects.
Intengiso ilinde ngamehlo abomvu okokuba urhulumente wase Mzantsi Afrika uvumele amafama akhulise ihemp ethengiswayo. Ngelixesha kusalindiweyo, ilizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika lisaphanda indlela elungileyo yemveliso ye hemp kumazwe akufuphi no Mzantsi Afrika, South African Development Community (SADC) asele ebonile umsebenzi omhle owenziwayo, nonokuthi wenziwe yi hemp kwezomnotho zalo mazwe.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie