I-Hemp, uhlobo lwe Cannabis sativa, equkethe amazinga aphansi e-euphoric cannabinoid THC, isetshenzisiwe njengengxenye ekwakheni impahla noma ngezikhathi zasendulo. Isibonelo, yayisetshenziswa amaRoma asendulo ukuqinisa usimende emabhulohweni abo bese amaChinese esebenzisa ukuxuba kwe-hemp, i-limestone yomhlabathi, ne-tung oil ukusika izikebhe zawo.
Izinhlobo ze-Hemp Zokwakha Izinto
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hemp (i-Cannabis sativa) ziyasetshenziswa embonini yokwakha.
Ingaphakathi lamapulangwe angaphakathi esiqu se-hemp, ahlukaniswe imicu emide futhi asikwa aba izicucu abizwa ngokuthi i-hemp hurd. I-Hurd yenza cishe i-70% ye-hemp stalk. Lo mgogodla we-hemp unokuqukethwe kwe-silica cishe kwama-70% okuvumela ukuthi ihlangane kahle ne-limestone.
I-Hempcrete yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ingxenye engaphakathi enesiqu se-hemp stalk kanye nesigaxa esiqukethe ulamula wemvelo we-hydraulic kanye nenani elincane likakhonkolo. I-Hempcrete isetshenziswa njengesiqalo "sokugcwalisa" phakathi kwezinhlaka zesakhiwo zamapulangwe ezindongeni.
Isikhumba esingaphandle se-fibrous noma i-bast fibres ye-hemp stalk icindezelwa emabhulokini angenasakhiwo, amashidi we-semi-rigid we-hemp fibre kanye ne-hemp wazizwa, wonke asetshenziselwa ukufakelwa nokwakha izindonga. Lawa mashidi we-hemp angasetjenziswa njengento engabambelela ngokuqondile kuzimbobo zokufakelwa ze-fibreglass.
Imbewu ye-Hemp icindezelwa ukukhiqiza uwoyela wembewu ye-hemp, isetshenziswa njengesiqalo sokhuni, ibala lokudonsa kanye ne-ejenti yokomisa ngamapende.
Izimpawu ze-Hemp Yokwakha
I-Hempcrete ayikwazi ukubuyisa ukhonkolo oqinisiwe ngoba inomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo olinganiselwe. I-Hemp, nokho, inamanani amahle kakhulu wokufaka wokufudumeza - ngaphezulu kwezindinganiso zomthethonqubo. Futhi, yenza ngokugqamile njengento engasindi “engagcwalisi”, iyphefumula futhi ayilomoya.
Njengezinto zokwakha ezifinyeleleka umswakama, i-hemp ingalawula umswakama wangaphakathi, ivikele ukubuyiswa komhlaba wangaphakathi futhi ingakwazi ukuthola amalitha amanzi ayi-14. I-Hemp nayo i-microbe futhi iyamelana nezinambuzane.
I-Hemp isitshalo esikhula ngokushesha esinezidingo zamanzi aphansi futhi asidingi ukuthi kukhiqizwe amakhemikhali noma kucutshungulwe kulinyazwe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuma kwamahekitha ayi-1 kungakhiqiza cishe amathoni ayi-8 e-hemp alimaze. Lokhu kwanele ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokwakha indawo yokuhlala eyi-50 m2.
Ukwengeza ekuqiniseni kwesitshalo esinjalo esikhula kalula futhi esisheshayo, i-hemp ngesimo se-hempcrete iyinto engeyi-carbon. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhiya ikhabhoni dioksijeni kusuka emkhathini ngesilinganiso esingu-110 kg CO2 nge-m3 odongeni lwe-hempcrete.
Ukunaka zonke izimfanelo ezinhle ze-hemp - insulation, oxygenization kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-CO2 - izindleko zodonga lwe-hemp zizofana nezindleko odongeni lobumbano olufakelwe nge-60 mm extruded polystyrene.
Izakhiwo ze-Hemp eNingizimu Afrika
Inkampani yezokwakha eKapa ibilokhu isebenzisa i-hemp njengempahla yokwakha kusukela ngo-2008. Ezinye zezizathu ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa i-hemp ukuncishiswa kokwekhabhoni kwenqubo yokwakha, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-hemp kanye nokwenziwa lula kwayo ukwakha. Isici sokugcina esibonisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe-hemp akudingi ukuthi abantu babe nekhono ekwakheni izakhiwo.
Etinhlakeni letinyenti taseNingizimu Afrika (tindlu), i-hemp isetjentiswe ngendlela ye-hempcrete infill emkhatsini wefreyimu yesakhiwo semahlahla. E-Cape Town, kwakhiwe isakhiwo esinezitezi eziyi-12 (ngo-2019) ngokusetshenziswa kwe-hemp block ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Izinzuzo zalokhu kuphansi kwezinyawo ze-CO2, ukufakwa komsindo okusebenzayo kanye nokwehliswa kwesisindo sezindonga zangaphakathi.
Kusukela ngo-2019, konke ukunqotshwa kwe-hemp kungeniswa, ikakhulukazi kusuka e-United Kingdom naseFrance. Izitshalo ezivela ezitshalweni zokuvivinya i-hemp zaseNingizimu Afrika zisetshenzisiwe ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye zezakhiwo, kepha kuze kube manje (2019) asikho isivuno esisebenzayo kwezentengiso.
"Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hemp embonini yezokwakha kungadala okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwamathuba emisebenzi kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwe-CO2 yomkhakha wezokwakha uwonke", kusho u-Oliver Wolf wase WolfandWolf Architects.
Imboni ilindele ngabomvu uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ukuthi uvumele abalimi ukuthi bakhule i-hemmp yezimboni. Okwamanje, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika baphenya ngemithombo esebenzayo ye-hemp evela emazweni angomakhelwane beSouth African Development Community (SADC) asebevele bewabonile amandla amakhulu we-hemp kwezomnotho wabo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza