Ama-litchi nanyana ama-lychee abizwa ngokobana – (Litchi chinensis) avela eendaweni ezi-subtropical zetjingalanga ze-China begodu sele atjalwe lapho kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-2000 A.D. Isthelwesi sikhula emithini ehlangeneko, akhula kabuthaka, begodu mumuthi ohlala uhlaza kwesibhakabhaka ongakhula ube hlangana kwamamitha ayi-9 ukuya kwayi-30 ngobude. Imithi yawo irondo ngaphezulu begodu iyanaba lokha nayiya phezulu.
Iinthelelwezi zinombala obumvu Inga sitrubheri, nanyana opinki, nanyana opinki okunzotho ngombala, lokha nasele avuthiwe begodu akheke saqanda, nanyana njengehliziyo nanyana pheze aberondo ngokubumbeka. Iinthelo zama-litchi ziwela ngaphasi kwama-drupes. Isthelo esisudu, esinuka kamnandesi, ngaphandle sivalwe sikhumba esondileko esimarhadlarhadla esihlubekako. Imbewu ye-litchi yakheke njengeqanda nanzana ilimi lekuku.
Isithelo se-litchi sihlobana nese-rambutan kanye nese-longan, iinthelo zombilezi zineskhumba esifanako, zithandwa khulu enarheni ze-Asia. Isthelo se-rambutan sivalwe ngamakelo anga zinempikiri ezihlaza satjani kanye nezibomvu, begodu zinambitheka Inga yikrimu lokha isthelo se-longan (ekusthelo se-dragon fruit) sinombala onzotho okukhanyako.
Ukutjala Ama-Litchi
Inarha ye-China ikhamba ephambili ephasini ngokukhiqiza ama-litchi, lokha iSewula Africa isese nabakhiqizi abancani kodwana abaqakathekileko e-Sourthen Hemisphere. Ibubulo lama-litchi eSewula Africa lenziwe ngemihlobo yawo embalwa itjheje kobana avunwe isikhathi esifitjhani - kusukela ngoKhukhulamungu ukufikela ngoMhlolanja - lapha ungezeleleka khona ngoNobayeni.
Imithi yama-litchi mikhulu begodu ihlala ihlaza begodu ithanda inarha lapha kutjhisa khona begodu kunobuswe nehlabathi ekhipha amanzi kuhle ene-asidi. Asithelo esikhiqiza iinthelo ezinengi unyaka lo, kuthi olandelako sikhiqiza iinthelo ezincani.
Ukusetjenziswa Kwawo
Iinthelo zama-litchi kulula ukuzihluba, begodu imbewu yazo isuka msinya nayo ekudleni, okusudu, okunuka kamnandokhu, begodu akunambala. Iinthelo ezinepilo ezincanezi zidliwa zifretjhi, kungenziwa nangazo ijuzi, nanyana ijemu, amaswidi begodu zingafakwa emablegeni. Nanyana kunjalo, iinthelwesi zaziwa ngokobana sisuka umnuko waso omnandi nasifakwe emablegeni nanyana sikheniweko.
Ijuzi yama-litchi efretjhi ihlangana kuhle nejuzi ye-orentji nanyana yeswiri kodwana kutlhogeka kobana isetjeniswe khonokho. Ukwenza bona Ijuzi ye-litjhi ingonakali msinya, kutlhogeka kobana kufakwe kiyo i- potassium meta-bisulphate. Iwayini eyenziwe nge-litchi ingenziwa ngokobana kusetjenziswe amakelo westhelwesi, abiliswe nge-yeast yewayini ukwenzela bona kuphume iwayini emnandi enepilo enamaphesendi yi-11 we-alcohol, nomnuko omnandi.
Ama-litchi ahlutjiweko angafakwa esiqandisini, anembumbula nanyana anganayo, ukwenza bona umnambitheko wawo ungapheli. Nange iinthelwezi zingafakwa esiqandisini zifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-syrup zingahlala lapho esiqandisini iinyanga eziyi-12 zingonakali lokha nazibekwe ku-25℃.
Ama-Litchi Onyosiweko
Ama-litchi angonyiswa, kodwana kungenziwa njalo nange kungcotjhwe kobana athengiswe ngobunengi eSewula Africa. Ubuswe bawo buyaphela lokha nakwenziwa njalo, kodwana zoke izakhimzimba ezikiwo azipheli. Ngeskhathesi, iskhumba sawo siyaqina kodwana akalobi indlela abumbeke ngayo kanye nombalawo ngebanga lokobana zabe alatjhwe nge-sulphur dioxide. I-Sulphur dioxide yenza ngcono ukungenwa kweskhumba zizinto beyenza bona kube kula kobana ome. Ingaphakathi lawo, nanyana kunjalo, liyancipha. Ama-litchi ayi-4.5 kg afretjhi azokukhiqiza ama-litchi onyisiweko ayi-1 kg. Ama-litchi onyisiweko angabekwa iinyanga eilithoba etjhelifini angonakali.
Ukubulungwa KwamaLitchi Afretjhi
I-litchi efretjhi ingabekwa ngokobana kubijwe isthelo esifretjhi ku-saline solution eyi-30% - ungasusi ifilimi emhlophe esesithelwenesi. Ngemva kwe-iri, isthelwesi sifakwe ku-solution le singasuswa ifilimi elimhlophe. Ngesiko le-Asia khulukhulu ngephilosophy ye-China, kukholelwa kobana ukususwa ifilimi emhlophe le ezombeleze i-litchi kuzokuphungula umlilo.
Esibonelwenesi, nakukhulunywa ngomlilo, kulokha nakukhulunywa ngama elementi wemvelo amahlanu wepilo. Umlilo utjengisa amandla kanye nezomoya. Ukungezelela, umlilo ungabonwa ngokobana umuntu abe nomgomani, ukulibala, ihloko kanye nokoma. Godu baphakamisa kobana umuntu athome alume inyama kancani nanyana umhluzi wawo ngaphambi kokobana adle ama-litchi ukuphungula umlilo wawo. Esinye isiphakamiso kukobana umuntu angadli ama-litchi adlula alisumi ngeskhathi sinye.
Inzuzo Elethwa ma-Litchi
Ama-litchi anamazinga eliphezulu lama-antioxidant, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), potassium kanye ne-copper. Kubalelwa kobana ama-litchi alikhomba angalinganiswa kobana anamavithamini C welamula kanye ne-100% ephakanyiswako ekutlhogakala kobana adliwe babantu abadala.
Ama-litchi amumethe i-hypoglycin arhona ukwehlisa izinga le-high blood. Kungaba yingozi lokha ama-litchi angakavutha adliwa mumunto ongakadli. Ama-litchi azele ama-polyphenol ama-(antioxidant) ekubalwa hlangana nawo ama-proanthocyanidins. Ihlanganisela le ingarhelebha ukukhandela ikankere kanye namalwelwe wehliziyo.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana