I-litchi noma i-lychee njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi (i-Litchi chinensis) idabuka ezifundeni ezingaseningizimu neChina futhi ibilinywe lapho kusukela ngo-2000 AD Isithelo sikhula ngamagquma aqinile ezihlahleni ezixineneyo, ezihlala zikhula kancane ezingakhula phakathi kuka-9 kuye ku-30. m phezulu. Izihlahla zidluliswa futhi ziyabanzi njengoba ziphakeme.
Izithelo zingaba-sitrobheli-zibomvu, zipinki noma zibe nsundu ngombala lapho sezivuthiwe, zimile okweqanda, zimise okwenhliziyo noma zicishe zibe yindilinga. Izithelo zeLitchi zihlukaniswa njenge-drupes. Inyama emnandi, enephunga ne-opaque imbozwe ngesikhumba esithobekile esithambile kalula, esinesikhumba futhi esinolaka. Imbewu ye-litchi ingadonsa noma ikhungatheke bese kubunjiwe 'ulimi lwenkukhu'.
I-litchi ihlobene ne-rambutan ne-longan, izithelo ezimbili ezinenyama ebukeka ngendlela efanayo, ethandwa e-Asia. I-rambutan imbozwe obomvu nokuhlaza okotshani futhi inambitheka kamnandi lapho u-longan ('dragon eye izithelo') enesikhumba esikhanyayo esibushelelezi nokunambitheka kwe-tart ngaphezulu.
Ukulima iLitchi
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-litchis emhlabeni, kanti iNingizimu Afrika ingumkhiqizi omncane kodwa obalulekile ezweni eliseningizimu. Umkhakha we-litchi waseNingizimu Afrika wakhelwe kuzilimo ezimbalwa ezigxilwe ewindini elincane lokuvuna - ukusuka maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari - okuphezulu kakhulu ngoDisemba.
Izihlahla zeLitchi zikhulu futhi zihlala ziluhlaza futhi zithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama omningi we-acidic.
Enye enye ethela izithelo, okusho ukuthi ikhiqiza isivuno esikhulu ngonyaka owodwa futhi isivuno esilandelayo ngokulandelayo.
Ukusetshenziswa KwamaLitchis
Izithelo zeLitchi zilula futhi imbewu ingena kalula enyameni emnandi, enephunga elimnandi. Lezi zithelo ezincane ezinempilo zidliwa zintsha, zingabiliswa, zenziwe ujamu, amaswidi kanye no-makotini. Kodwa-ke, leso sithelo saziwa ukuthi silahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwaso okumnandi lapho kusenziwa emakotweni.
Ijusi le-litchi elisha lixubana kahle nejusi le-orange ne-lime kodwa kufanele lisebenzise ngokushesha. Ukwelula ishelufu le-litchi juice, izithako zokuvikela izithako ezinjenge-potassium meta-bisulphate zingasetshenziswa.
I-litchi iwayini ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-pulp yezithelo, ukuyifaka ngesivinini sewayini ukukhiqiza iwayini elinomsoco elinokuqukethwe okungu-11% wotshwala nephunga elimnandi.
I-pech litchis nayo ingafakwa iqandisiwe iphelele, noma ngaphandle kwembewu, ukuze kugcinwe ukunambitheka kwemvelo. Izithelo zingafakwa iqhwa kwisiraphu futhi ziba sesimweni esihle kakhulu sezinyanga eziyi-12 uma zipholile futhi zigcinwa ku -25℃.
I-Litchi Eyomile
Ama-Litchis angomiswa futhi kepha yenziwa ngezinga lezentengiso eNingizimu Afrika. Umswakama ulahleka lapho, kepha zonke izakhamzimba ziyagcinwa. Ngale nqubo, isikhumba siyaqina kepha sigcina ukwakheka nombala waso ngenxa yokwelashwa nge-sulphur dioxide. I-Sulphur dioxide ibuye ithuthukise ukuqina kwesikhumba futhi ithuthukise inqubo yokumiswa. Nokho, inyama ibuna. Cishe i-4.5 kg ye-litchis entsha izokhiqiza i-1 kg ye-litchi eyomile. Isikhathi esisheshayo se-litchis esomile izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukulondoloza i-Litchis Entsha
I-litchi emisha nayo ingagcinwa ngokufaka izithelo ezithambile kusisombululo se-saline sama-30% - gcina ifilimu emhlophe ezungeze izithelo. Ngemuva kwehora, susa isithelo kusisombululo bese ususa ifilimu emhlophe. Amasiko ase-Eshiya, ikakhulukazi kwifilosofi yamaShayina, akholelwa ukuthi ukususa ifilimu elimhlophe elizungeze izithelo ze-litchi kuzonciphisa 'umlilo'. Kulesi simo, elithi 'umlilo' lisho enye yezinto ezinhlanu zemvelo zokuphila. Umlilo ukhombisa amandla asebenzayo nokukhanya ngokomoya. Ngokwengeziwe, 'umlilo' futhi ungabukwa njengomkhuhlane, ukuqwasha, ikhanda kanye nokoma. Baphinde bancome ukuthi kuqala badle ukulunywa okumbalwa kwenyama noma isobho senyama ngaphambi kokudla i-litchis ukuze 'banciphise umlilo'. Okunye ukutusa ukuthi akufanele kudliwe ama-litchis angaphezu kwe-10 ngasikhathi.
Izinzuzo Zama-Litchis
Ama-Litchis aphezulu kuma-antioxidants, uvithamini B2 (riboflavin), potassium ne-zethusi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-litchis ayisikhombisa alingana nokuqukethwe kwe-vithamini C owolintshi owodwa no-100% wokudla okunconyiwe komuntu nsuku zonke.
Ama-Litchis aqukethe i-hypoglycin enganciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Kungaba yingozi lapho kudliwa udwebu olungakhanyisiwe lwesisu esiswini esingenalutho. Ama-Litchis nawo acebile ngama-polyphenols (antioxidants), kufaka phakathi ama-proanthocyanidins. Lezi zingxube zingasiza ukuvikela umdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza