Ukukhiqizwa Ukolweni

Izifunda Zokukhiqiza

©Chris Daly
I-Free State yayivame ukubonwa njenge-bassketket yaseNingizimu Afrika, kodwa manje ayikhiqizi neze ukolweni ngenxa yabalimi abafuna izitshalo ezikwazi ukubhekana nezomnotho futhi zibe nezingozi ezingezansi zokukhiqiza.
Namuhla cishe amaphesenti angu-75 esikolweni sethu akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezomileyo futhi 25% ngaphansi kokunisela. Ukolweni webusika owenziwe emhlabathini owomileyo eNtshonalanga Kapa ulandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50 okukhiqizwa kwezwe, kanti iningi likakolweni ehlobo lenziwa ngaphansi kokunisela ngemifula emikhulu eNyakatho Kapa.

Ukusetshenziswa

©Glenneis Kriel
Ukolo usetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa ufulawa nesinkwa, ngenkathi i-durum kakolweni isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-pasta.

Izinhlelo Zokuzala

©Glenneis Kriel
Izinhlelo zokubeletha eNingizimu Afrika zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukolweni ngekhwalithi elihle kanye nekhwalithi yokugaya. Nakuba ukukhiqizwa ngehektha ngalinye kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, njengezinhlobo eziphuthumayo, ukulima ngokucacile nokunye, imali yokukhiqiza iningi liye lacindezelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwezingozi zezulu, amanani angamazwe angaphandle kanye nokwanda izindleko zokufaka.
Ukusimama kwezomnotho kokukhiqiza ukolweni kuye kwaholela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ukolweni, okunye okugxilwe ekukhuliseni inzuzo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezinemivuno ephakeme ngehektare ngalinye, okudinga izimbalwa ezimbalwa, ezifana nomanyolo noma izidakamizwa noma isomiso ngaphezulu ukubekezela. Umqondo uwukuthuthukisa lezi zimfanelo, ngaphandle kokuthi izinguquko zibe nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yengqolowa.

Izinhlobo

©Chris Daly
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-cultivars ezitholakalayo, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu, okuyizolimo zokukhiqiza ezomile ngasenyakatho, ukukhiqizwa kwehlobo eningizimu kanye nokunisela. Ukuze bakhethe izinhlobo ezifanele, abalimi kufanele bacabangele ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenze kanjani ekuhlolweni kokuhlola ukuhlakulela eduze nepulazi labo futhi bakhulume nabanye abalimi mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo nezihlukahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe, noma kunjalo, akumele zifaneleke kuphela ezimweni zakho zezulu nezomhlabathi, kodwa futhi zikhiqize ikhwalithi yekolweni efunwa yizigayida nababhaki.
Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene ukuze usakaze izingozi zokukhiqiza futhi unamathele ezilimini ezihlolwe. Izinhlobo ezintsha kufanele zihlolwe kuqala ngesilinganiso esincane eceleni kwabalandeli ukuze ziqhathanise ukusebenza kwazo. Ukukhetha ukuhlakulela kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukushintsha isimo sezulu noma ukukhiqiza kanye nokwenza izindawo ezintsha ezingcono.

Translated by Nsika Khoza