Uphayinaphu obunjiwe kaphayini-wesigaxa (i-Ananas cosmosus) uyisithelo esishisayo eNingizimu Afrika futhi ukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke. Isithelo siyilungu lomndeni wakwaBromeliaceae, ongowokudabuka emazweni aseMelika akushisayo. Kungumndeni ohlukene wezitshalo onezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3470, eziningi zazo ezithandwa kakhulu izitshalo ezingadini.
Iphayinaphu iye yahlonishwa emasikweni asendulo aseMelika lapho yayisetshenziswa njengezithelo ezintsha, emithini yesintu, kanye nemicu yamaqabunga esetshenziswa njengendwangu.
Ukulima Amaphayinaphu
Amaphayinaphu e-Vitamin C acebile, isithelo esiyindilinga samajikijolo amancane acindezelwa ndawonye, akhiqizwa njengesithelo esisodwa esakheka phakathi kweqembu elinamaqabunga amaqabunga akhula esiqu sobukhulu. Isitshalo esishisayo sithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, esinomswakama futhi esingenandawo futhi sikhula kahle emhlabathini onesihlabathi, onomunyu omncane.
Amaphayinaphu kuvunwa kabili njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Isivuno sokuqala sisezinyangeni ezingama-26 kuye kwezingama-30 kanti isivuno sesibili sisezinyanga eziyi-18 kamuva. Ukutshala amaphayinaphu kugxiliwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphayinaphu ungavunwa nsuku zonke isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Ukuvunwa kwamaphayinaphu eNingizimu Afrika kuqala ngoMashi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi noDisemba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zikaphayinaphu ezitshalwe ngokuthengisa eNingizimu Afrika, i-Cayenne yamaqabunga abushelelezi (ekhiqizwa kakhulu e-Eastern Cape) kanye ne-Queen-leaf Queen (ekhiqizwa kakhulu KwaZulu-Natali).
I-Queen imnandi kakhulu futhi ithengiswa kakhulu njengezithelo ezintsha, kanti usayizi omkhulu kaCayenne nokuqukethwe kwelenisi ephezulu kuyenza ilungele ukucubungulwa ibe yimikhiqizo yejusi nemikhiqizo yophayinaphu ekheniwe.
Umlando Wokukhiqiza Amaphayinaphu
Umhloli wamazwe uChristopher Columbus okokuqala 'uthole' uphayinaphu ngo-1493 esiqhingini saseGuadalupe e-Lesser Antilles oLwandle lweCaribbean.
Kanye nabahloli bamazwe abangamaPutukezi baya eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, izithelo zasakazekela ngasempumalanga eSanta Helena Island, kwase kuba yiMadagascar naseNdiya ngawo-1540. Ukuhlakulela lesi sithelo kwabikwa eNepal ngo-1601, eSingapore ngo-1637, naseTaiwan ngonyaka we-1650.
Ukutshala kwasekuqaleni uphayinaphu akugxile kuphela ezithelo ezintsha kepha ku-fibre nokunye ukusetshenziswa. Ngeminyaka yo-1570s, ePhilippines babenza indwangu yephinifa ngemicu yamaqabunga apayinaphu, abaseMalaysia bayisebenzisa njengezindlela zokulawula ukuzala kanti abaseYurophu abacebile bakhulisa lesi sitshalo njengesihlahla esingaphandle kwengadi, kufaka phakathi neKing uLouis XV endaweni yakhe eluhlaza eVersailles.
Ukulima okuthengiswayo kwamaphayinaphu kwaqala ngo-Cayenne okulinywayo eWest Indies naseHawaii. Leli phayinaphu liqanjwe ngeCayenne, inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance Guiana lapho kwathathwa khona izitshalo ezinhlanu futhi zasakazeka. Kuze kufike ngekhulu lama-20, i-'Smooth Cayenne' ekhulayo yabusa imakethe yamaphayinaphu kwaze kwaba yilapho i-MD-2 ithatha indawo kaphayinaphu.
Ngenxa yokufushane kwempilo yamaphayini, okokuhamba kwezentengiso, izindlela zokuhweba ezimfushane namasu wokulondolozwa nawo athuthukiswa eceleni komkhiqizo othengiswayo wezithelo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu imboni yokufaka ukhula eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-19 nokukhula koshukela wephayinaphu ngawo-1980 kwaba nomthelela ekutheni uphayinaphu ube yisithelo sesithathu esikhulu emhlabeni wonke ngomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingama-25 (2018), ngemuva kwamabhanana nemango.
Amaphayinaphu angeniswa eNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1860 futhi aqala ukukhula esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali, abese ethulalelwa e-Eastern Cape.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwephayinaphu Emhlabeni
Abakhiqizi abathathu abaphambili bomhlaba bamaphayinaphu yiCosta Rica, iBrazil nePhilippines, wonke akhiqiza amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-2,5 ngonyaka. I-Costa Rica neBrazil zinikezela i-US neYurophu, kanti iPhilippines ithumela amaphiniga amasha eJapan naseKorea.
E-Afrika, kukhiqizwa amaphayinaphu e-Angola, Tanzania nokukhiqizwa okuthile eNingizimu Afrika - ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-100 000 ngonyaka. Cishe ama-80% omkhiqizo wamaphayiphu waseNingizimu Afrika enzelwe ukuqhutshekiswa (i-Cayenne growar), okuseleyo (ikakhulukazi i-Queen) kuthengiswa emakethe yezithelo entsha yasendaweni.
Ukusetshenziswa Kukaphayinaphu
Amaphayinaphu aphezulu ku-Vitamin C, i-fibre yokudla, i-calcium, i-manganese ne-potassium. Izithelo futhi ziyinsiza yokugaya futhi zinempahla yokulwa nokuvuvukala ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwebromelian. I-Bromelian yiqembu le-enzymes eliqukethe i-protein eyishukela futhi lingasetshenziswa njenge-ithenda yenyama, ukukhulisa amandla e-solatin e-isiphuzo, opende abasuselwa ku-latex nasekuthambeni kwesikhumba.
I-Bromelian ngesimo se-powders, okhilimu, amaphilisi noma njengezithasiselo zokudla zingaphatha izimo zokuvuvukala njenge-sinusitis kanye ne-arthritis futhi ifakwe i-topical, iphatha amanxeba futhi isuse isikhumba esifile enamanxeba okushiswa.
Ngokuya ngotshalo, uphayinaphu udliwa njengesithelo esisha noma okusemathinini, sicutshungulwa sibe ujusi, ujamu kanye nezicishi. Kuthiwa futhi ujusi wephayinaphu unciphisa izimpawu zokugula okunyakaza. Iphayinaphu entsha ifakwa kuma-curries, ngababili kahle nge-ham nezinye izinhlobo zezinyama futhi ingabiliswa ukukhiqiza i-sweetmeat ebizwa ngokuthi i-nata de pina.
Amacembe ama-uphayinaphu amancane adliwa njengemifino e-Afrika nezithelo ezingavuthiwe ezivuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ubuthi bezindawo zomcibisholo. I-Fibre emaqabunga aphayinaphu isetshenziselwa ukweluka indwangu, ukwenza izicathulo, amanetha okudoba nokuhlobisa ubucwebe.
Translated by Nsika Khoza