Ukusabalalisa
Ukusabalalisa kusuka enzalweni. Izitshalo nama-bulb nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zitshalwe ngendlela efanayo nezithombo.
Indlela Yokutshala
Ukutshala ngabalimi abakhulu bezentengiselwano kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngokutshala okuqondile noma ukutshala izithombo ze-chive. Izinhlamvu zitshalwe cishe ngamamitha ayizi-1.5 ezijulile. Yenza imbewu ikhule bese ivela ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi kanti izithombo zingatshalwe ngaphandle emasimini emva kwamasonto amane kuya kwahlanu. Uma kuhlwanyela ngokuqondile, kuhle ukuhlwanyela kabili imbewu edingekayo futhi elula uma kudingeka. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngabakhiqizi bemishini noma ngesandla, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bomsebenzi.
Isikhala
Izitshalo zitshalo zingama-15 cm ngaphandle kwemigqa engama-20 cm. Lokhu kuyimithi engama-400 000 izitshalo zokuvuthwa ngehektare ngalinye. Ukusebenzisa kanye namathrekhi amathrekhi ashiyelwe imikhuba yokuphatha nokuvuna.
Sikhathi Sokuhlwanyela
Hlwanyela imbewu yembewu ngqo emasimini entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. ENingizimu Afrika, ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba noma ngo-Ephreli. Ukutshala izithombo ze-chive nakho kungenziwa ngalesi sikhathi. Izitshalo ezikhona nazo zingahlukaniswa futhi zitshalwe.
Isikhathi Sokukhula
Abakhiqizi bezentengiselwano baqala ukuvuna amaqabunga ama-fresh avela emavikini amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni. Izitshalo ze-chive zingavunwa iminyaka emibili kuya kweyithathu futhi kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi zitshalwe. Abanye abalimi bezentengiselwano bazotshala izithombo ngonyaka.
Umanyolo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isampula yomhlabathi esimele kufanele ithathwe futhi ithunyelwe ukuze ihlaziywe. Lokhu kuzoveza uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nezidingo zomsoco ezitshalweni ezihlosiwe.
Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela onzima, lesi sincomo esilandelayo singasetshenziswa uma kungekho ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi. Isicelo sokuqala esingu-300 kg se-3:1:5 singasakazwa futhi sifakwe enhlabathini engaphezulu kuka-15 cm kuya ku-20 cm ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kuzokwenza izitshalo ezintsha zibe isiqalo esihle ekuzimiseni ngokwazo. Kungcono ukuqapha ukukhula bese ukhetha ukuthi ngabe i-nitrogen edingekayo yini ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhula. Inani elifanayo lokulimala lingenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela emva kokuba imbewu ihlume futhi izitshalo zivela. Ukutshala nge-250 kg ngehektare ngalinye ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Ukunisela
Iningi labo abalimi bezolimo bakhipha ukuchelela ngoba lokhu kungcono kakhulu ukuqapha ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi. Isitshalo se-chive kufanele singabi ngaphezu kwamanzi, futhi inhlabathi kufanele ivunyelwe ukuthi ime futhi iphuze futhi. Ukuze ukhiqize amaqabunga amasha, qiniseka ukuthi isitshalo selinisele ngokwanele. Ungapheli ukunisela njengoba lokhu kungabangela izifo ze-bulb noma amaqabunga ogulayo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukufaka amadivaysi wokulinganisa umswakama ukuze uhlole umhlaba njalo.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu, isilinganiso esihle sokunisela sikhona phakathi kuka-25 no-30 mm ngeviki nesicelo esisodwa ezinyangeni zasehlobo zasehlobo futhi kunciphisa ukuchelela ngenkathi kuphelile noma izinyanga zemvula zonyaka. Inhlabathi enzima inganciphisa njalo emva kwamasonto amabili. Zama ukugwema ukuchelela ngqo ngaphambi kokuvuna kodwa ukuchelela ngokushesha emva kokuvuna ukubuyisela okuqukethwe okunamandla uma ufisa ukuvuselela isitshalo ukukhiqiza futhi.
Translated by Nsika Khoza