Ukudla Kwezitshalo Zomdabu ZaseNingizimu Afrika

Indigenous food crops provide sustenance to both man and beast.

Umbiko ngezimila ezidliwayo eziphendulwe uhwebo lukhombisa ukuthi i-Afrika ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ngo-119 wezinhlobo. Lokhu kuqhathaniseka kahle no-126 weYurophu, u-68 weMelika Emaphakathi kanye no-97 weNingizimu Amelika. Ezimileni eziwu-119 zikaGondwane, ziwu-16 ezingozokudabuka eningizimu noGondwane: lezi yigum Arabic (inhlaka yomunga), isimuhu (ibaobab), ibhuhu, iwaterblommetjie, irooibos tea, umgongozi, ijelly melon (Cucumis metuliferus, ihoney bush tea, uphoko olunsundu, injemane (Hyphaene coriacea), uphoko olumhlophe, imbondwe (iLivingstone noma i-African potato), umganu, amabele, izindlubu (bambara groundnuts) nezindumba (cowpea).
Izitshalo zomdabu zaseNingizimu Afrika yilezo ezidabuka eNingizimu Afrika nalezo ezokufika kodwa manje esezithathwa njengezomdabu manje. Lezi zitshalo zitholakala zitshaliwe noma zimila kule lizwe ezimweni zezulu ezahlukene, iningi litholakala endle.
Izitshalo zomdabu zihlukene izinhlobo ezintathu; izinhlamvu, imifino nezithelo. iNingizimu Afrika ayikagxili ezitshalweni zomdabu kodwa umhlaba usuqalile ukuncoma umongo wazo. Umqokolo (iDovyalis caffra) isitshaliwe eCalifornia, amajelly melon (Cucumis metuliferus) atshalwa ngokohwebo eFrance, kwa-Isreal, eCalifornia naseNew Zealand lapho aziwa khona ngokuthi ikiwano.

Izitshalo Zomdabu Eziyizinhlamvu

Izitshalo zomdabu eziyizinhlamvu zinothe ngesitashi namaprotein futhi zifanele ukudliwa.
Lezi zitshalo ziphinde zihlukaniswe phakathi kwamacereal namapulse.
Amacereal: uphoko olumhlophe, amabele
Amapulse: izindumbu, izindlubu, imungbean, umdumba wemarama (imbewu)

Imifino Yomdabu

Imifino yomdabu izimila okukhiwa kuzo amacembe athambile, iziqu nezinhlanga ukuze kwenziwe ukudla. Lezi zimila zihlukane kabili yizimpande/izigumbaxa nemifino engamacembe.
Ezingamacembe: icleome, izindumba, i-amaranth, ucucuza, iJew’s mallow
Eziyizimpande/Izigumbaxa: icassava, amadumbe, imarama bean (isigumbaxa)

Izithelo Zomdabu

Izithelo zomdabu zinomongo, zimtoti futhi ziyadleka zingaphekiwe. Izibonelo zezithelo umganu, umthunduluka obomvu, ihlali nomgongozi. Ngaphezu komsoco wazo, izithelo zomdabu zinosizo olubalulekile: ziyathela ngisho noma izilimo-ngqangi zigcugcile (isib. ngenkathi yesomiso), futhi zithiba indlala ngenkathi yokusweleka kokudla.

Izindawo Zomkhiqizo eNingizimu Afrika

I-Amaranth, ucucuza, icleome neJew’s mallow zidliwa kakhulu yimiphakathi yasemakhaya futhi zikhiwa endle.
Izindlubu, izindumba zitshalwa eMpumalanga, eNorth West, eGauteng, KwaZulu-Natal naseLimpopo.
ICleome, iJew’s mallow, i-amaranthus zitholakala eMpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, eNorth West naseGauteng.
Umganu, umthunduluka obomvu, umgwenya zimila eMpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, eLimpopo naseMpumalanga Koloni.

Imisebenzi Yezithelo Zomdabu

Ukudla komdabu kudliwa kubilisiwe, komisiwe noma kwenye inkathi kube umfino ogazingiwe futhi kuba yisinongo nasemasojeni. Imidumba engakavuthwa iyomiswa noma ibiliswe bese imbewu eluhlaza igaywe yenziwe impuphu.
Izigumbaxa zithatha isikhundla sokudla okunesitashi njengerayisi nempuphu yommbila. Izinhlobo zezithelo zidliwa zivuthiwe noma zomisiwe noma ziyindumbu futhi zingenziwa ujamu, ujelly nenkovu.

Ubuhle Bokutshala Izimila Zomdabu

Zidinga amanzi amancane kunezitshalo zaseNtshonalanga.
Zinomsoco kakhulu - zingengeza amavitamin namamineral ekudleni okunesitashi kakhulu.
Ziyamelana nesomiso, izinambuzane nezifo.

Translated by Zoza Shongwe