Indwabaza eyaziwa ngokuthi pigweed, cockscomb nesiqalekiso esihogweni ngesiNgisi, kokubili ukhula ovamile kanye isitshalo zasendulo. Ngokuqinisekile akuyona okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, kodwa isetshenziswe njengeyodwa. I-Amaranth isetshenziselwa amaqabunga ayo amasha, imbewu ecebile amaprotheni kanye nembewu ibe ngumfula u-gluten. Yayisetshenziselwa emuva ku-6 700 BC ngama-Aztec eNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ezivela emazweni ahlukene, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi i-A. spinosus ne-A. thunbergia zizalwa e-Afrika.
Indwabaza yonyaka okhulayo onamakhanda ama-flower. Ithanda izinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi lingakhula lifike ku-2 m ukuphakama. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-60 ze-amaranth - ezinye izinhlobo zitshalwe ukukhiqizwa kwembewu, kanti ezinye zikhulile amaqabunga azo adle. Amaqabunga kanye nembewu asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa komuntu, kepha sonke isitshalo singasetshenziselwa ukudla kwezilwane. Izinhlobo eziluhlaza ziyancipha kakhulu kunezibomvu.
Indwabaza ezincane zingakhula phakathi kuka-30 cm no-2 m ubude, ahluke embala, amaqabunga nombala obala, kodwa umbala obomvu nokubomvu uvame kuzo zonke izingxenye ezintathu zezitshalo. Imbewu incane (imbewu engu-3 000 ngesigamu) futhi inombala omnyama ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zokusanhlamvu lapho imbewu enemibala eluhlaza.
Ukukhula Kwendwabaza
Indwabaza ikhetha ukushisa (ngaphezulu kuka-25 ℃) wezifundazwe zasehlobo zaseLimpopo, eMpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natali naseNorth West. Kuyinto yokubekezela kwesomiso futhi ayithandi inhlabathi enamanzi.
Indwabaza iyasakazeka kakhulu kusuka kumbewu - ukuhlwanyela cishe ngo-270 kg/ha kungcono kakhulu. Hlanganisa imbewu ngenhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 2 bese usakazwa noma uhlwanyela emigqeni engaba ngu-1 cm ejulile. Imigqa kufanele ibe yi-1 m eceleni. Ezingxenyeni ezincane, lungiselela inhlabathi ngokungeza ibhakede lezinkomo noma umquba wezinkukhu kumuntu ngamunye 1 mhlabathi yomhlabathi.
Indwabaza ikhula kancane phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala futhi ingase ithathwe ukhula. Ukulawulwa kokhula okuhle kungavimbela nezinye izinkinga njengoba ukhula lusebenza njengesisulu sezinambuzane nezifo. I-pesticide ye-Organic; isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-Neem ingase isize.
Ukusika kokuqala kwamaqabunga e-amaranth kungakhipha u-1.0-1.5 kg / m² kanye nokuhlwanyela okuqhubekayo kungathengisa umkhiqizo osuka ku-30 kg / m² ngonyaka. Ukusika okuvamile kaningi ukwandisa kokubili isivuno kanye nekhwalithi lamaqabunga.
Ukukhuphula kwenyuka ezindaweni ezixekethile, ezihlelwe kahle kahle nge-pH ezizungeze 6.4. I-nitrojeni ibalulekile ekubuyiseni kwamaqabunga ngemuva kokuvuna. Abalimi bezentengiselwano bangasebenzisa umquba wezinkomo ngamathani ayi-6 / ha noma amakhomikhali okuthengisa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.
Ukuvuna Indwabaza
Isitshalo singavuna ngezindlela ezimbili - sonke isitshalo singadliwa ukukhula okungama 20 cm noma singashiywa sikhule ukuze amahlamvu asebenze ngezikhathi ngezikhathi. Susa amaphuzu okukhula kanye nezimbali ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweqabunga.Umlimi osheshayo, i-amaranth ingase ivunwe kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-55 emva kokuhlwanyela. Imbewu ye-Amaranth ivunwa lapho amaqabunga ephuzi. Kungcono ukuvuna ngemuva kweqhwa elibi noma emva kwesonto ngesomiso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu iyomile. Izinhlamvu ziyikhobe ngesandla futhi ziphonsa emabhakede. Imbewu evuthiwe yabe isomisiwe ephepheni lepulasitiki emthunzini futhi kufanele ihlolwe (ukuze ihlukanise imbewu emakhokheni), ihanjiswe futhi ifakwe ngokushesha uma isomile ibe ngu-11% umswakama.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhiqizwa kwe-amaranth kwezebhizinisi kwenzeka eNdiya, e-China, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMexico, ezintabeni zase-Andes nase-United States lapho ukuvuna kwenziwa khona ngokuzenzekelayo.Translated by Nsika Khoza