Imifino Yomdabu yaseNingizimu Afrika

Although not indigenous to South Africa, spinach is a very popular vegetable in the local diet.

Nakuba kungakhanjelwa futhi kusetshenzisiwe eNingizimu Afrika, imifino yamdabu ingahlukanisa izinhlelo zokulima, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokusiza ekunciphiseni ubumpofu, ngenkathi ukwandisa imali engenayo nokuthuthukisa impilo yabantu.
Imifino yendabuko ibekezelela izimo zemvelo ezinzima, sezivele sezivumelaniswe nezimo zendawo zaseNingizimu Afrika (njengoba iningi likhula) ngakho-ke kufanelekile ekukhiqizeni okungelona okuniselwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo nazo ziyingxenye yamagugu amasiko wesifunda.
'Imifino yamaqabunga aseAfrika' ibhekisela eqenjini lezilimo zezitshalo ezisetshenziselwa imifino emibala futhi kuthiwa u-morogo noma imifino yizakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika. Imifino yamaqabunga e-Afrika iyingxenye yokudla okuyisisekelo kwansuku zonke kwezigidi (ngokuvamile ezihlala emaphandleni) eNingizimu Afrika futhi zicebile izakhi ezifana nevithamini A kanye nensimbi.
Izingane ezincane, ezinomsoco, izimbali nezithelo ezincane kakhulu, zisetshenziselwa imifino. Izitsha zingahle zilungiselelwe emifinini eyodwa noma ezihlangene nezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukwengeza ukunambitheka, izithako ezifana utamatisi, anyanisi, ufulawa we-peanut kanye nezinongo zingasetshenziswa. Iningi lalezi zitshalo zivunwa zasendle, kuyilapho ezimbalwa zihlalwa, ikakhulukazi ukusekela imindeni yasemakhaya.
Njengamanje, uMkhandlu wezoLimo lwezoLimo (ARC) wenza umzamo wokukhuthaza ukukhula nokusetshenziswa kwale mijelo ngabafama, abesifazane kanye namaqembu asengozini. Imiklamo yokucwaninga yi-ARC igxile ekwakhiweni kwemikhuba yokulima engcono, izindlela zokutshala nokuvuna okuthuthukisiwe, ukunquma izidingo ezifanele zamanzi nezomanyolo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha kanye nokuhlelwa kwemvelo yamanzi. Lolu lwazi luzosetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imihlahlandlela yokulima ekukhiqizeni imifino yamahlamvu ase-Afrika.
Uhlelo locwaningo lwafunda izitshalo ezilandelayo:
I-Amaranth
Isitshalo solwembu (i-Cleome gynandra)
Corchorus spp
Nightshade (Solanum retroflexum)
Amapumpu kanye ne-melon ebabayo
Izindlubu (Vigna unguiculata)
Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta)
I-Amaranth, i-corchorus kanye nesitshalo solwembu yizilimo zemifino ezinomsoco ezinomsoco onenani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco namazinga aphezulu e-calcium, i-iron namavithamini A kanye no-C. Amaranth ne-corchorus nazo zicebile amaprotheni nama-fiber. Nakuba lezi zitshalo zingabhekwa njengezitshalo eziphansi zokuphatha futhi zingakhula enhlabathini empofu, imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi isivuno singakhula ngokungeza umanyolo noma ukucwilisa inhlabathi ngomquba.

I-Amaranth

©Dinesh Valke

The young plants and leaves of Amaranthus spinosus are eaten like spinach and it is reputed ot increase the milk yield in cattle when grazed.

Isitshalo se-herbaceous esivela kakhulu esivela ku-30 cm kuya ku-2 m high. Amaqabunga amancane, amaphuzu okukhula kanye nezithombo eziphelele asetshenziswa njengemifino. Imbewu iphekwe njengobunhlamvu, umhlabathi ufulawa futhi omisiwe. Amaqabunga neziqu ziyasetshenziswa futhi zisetshenziswe njenge-snuff. Kuwo wonke 'ukhula' okubhekwa njengamaqabunga amaqabunga eSouth Africa, i-amaranth inamandla kakhulu njengesilimo esivamile.

Isitshalo Solwembu

Isitshalo se-herbaceous esinamaqabunga aso namaqabunga, amaqabunga e-spider plant ahlanganiswe - afana iminwe esandleni - futhi asetshenziswe lapho esemncane. Ngezinye izikhathi zibabaza, zingapheka ebisi utamatisi futhi zikhonjiswe njengesipinashi, zengeze ukunambitheka okubukhali esitsheni.

Izinhlobo ze-Corchorus

Ngokuvamile okuthiwa i-Mallow yamaJuda (I-Corrusrus olitorius ne-Corchorus ihluma) lesi sitshalo yisitshalo sonyaka sinezimbali ezincane eziphuzi. I-corchorus ephekiwe inokuthungwa okuncane, okufana ne-okra. Ukunciphisa i-sliminess bicarbonate ye-soda (noma ngisho nomchamo wezinkomo) kunezelwa emanzini okupheka.

I-Nightshade

I-Nightshade iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esikhula ngamaphesenti angama-75 futhi siyaziwa ngezithelo zayo ezincane, ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, ezingadliwa zihlanzekile kodwa ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa imifino. Izithelo eziluhlaza zinobuthi. Amahlamvu kanye namahlumela amancane aphekwe kodwa amaqabunga angadliwa futhi aluhlaza.

Amathnga kanye Nekhabe Elibabayo

Pick young pumpkin leaves for steaming. Remove the thorny fibres by taking a small piece of the stem and stripping it down the back of the leaf, removing the thorny fibres. Cut into small pieces before cooking or sautéeing.

Amaqabunga amathanga namakhabe amunyu (Citrullus lanatus) asetshenziswa njengemifino enamagatsha. Amalungu emndenini we-Cucurbitaceae, lezi zitshalo ziyimvini-efana futhi ihluma futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula lapho ihlalwa. Futhi, ukuvunwa kwendle, amaqabunga, amahlumela, izimbali nezithelo ezincane ziphekwe ngenkathi imbewu ehlutshiwe ithandwa njenge-snack.

Izindlubu

©Jud McCranie

The pods and seeds of the cowpea plant. The leaves are also eaten as vegetable and makes a good animal feed.

Isitshalo sezindlubu iqabunga kanye ne-pulse kwezitshalo eziwumdabu e-Afrika. Kokubili amaqabunga amasha kanye 'nembewu' badliwa njengemifino, kuyilapho yonke isitshalo isetshenziselwa ifolishi yezilwane, kungaba fresh noma hay noma silage. Ufulawa weCowpea usetshenziselwa ukubhaka kanye nomboni wezinyama ezicutshungulwa njengamazinyo ezinkukhu. Izindlubu ziphezulu amaprotheni (18 kuya ku-35%) ne-carbohydrate (50 kuya ku-65%) nama-vithamini B.

Amadumbe

Just harvested amadumbe tubers should be washed before boiling or roasting.

Amadumbe, abizwa nangokuthi i-taro, imifino ehlathini futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi 'amazambane asetshisayo'. Ngokungahambisani namazambane avamile, izimpande ze-udumbe ziphekwe ngendlela efanayo lapho amaqabunga nezimbali zawo zijabulela imifino eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi ethandwa eNtshonalanga Afrika.

Translated by Nsika Khoza