Amagqaba Ntshintshi Ngemifuno Yemveli yase Mzantsi Afrika

Although not indigenous to South Africa, spinach is a very popular vegetable in the local diet.

Nangona inga jongelwanga ntweni kwaye ingasetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika, lemifuno yemveli okanye yamandulo ingohlula iindlela zokulima, ziqinisekise ukhuseleko lokutya noncedo lokuphelisa intlupheko, logama kusenyuswa ingeniso kusenziwa ngcono nempilo yoluntu.
Imifuno yamandulo iyanyamezela kwimeko zoko kusingqongileyo, kwaye sele iziqhelile iimeko zeli loMzantsi Afrika (kuba uninzi lukhula endle) lilonke zilungele ukukhula kwindawo ezinga nkcenkceshelwayo. Ukongeza, ezizivuno ziyinxalenye yenkcubeko nemvelaphi yom’mandla.
‘Imifuno yase Afrika enamagqabi afukufuku’ ibhekisa kuhlobo lwezityalo elisetyenziswa njenge mifuno kwaye eyaziwa ngokuba yi morogo okanye imifino ngabahlali beli loMzantsi. Imifuno enamahlahla yeli lomzantsi Afrika ibakukutya kwimizi emininzi, kwizigidigidi zabantu (inkoliso ezilalini) zeli loMzantsi Afrika kwaye zigcwele kwizakha mzimba ezifana no Vitamin A ne iron.
Imithi esemincinci, emnandi, iintyatyambo neziqhamo ezisakhulayo zisetyenziswa njenge mifuno. Ukutya kungenziwa ngohlobo lomfuno olunye okanye kwingqokelela yentlobo ngentlobo. Ukongeza incasa, izinongo ezifana ne tomato, itswele, umgubo wama ndongomane, kunye neziqholo zingasetyenziswa. Inkoliso yezizivuno zivunwa endle, logama ezimbala zilinywa emasimini zikhathalelwe, kwaye injongo kukunceda iintsapho ezise zilalini.
Ngalo mzuzu, iAgricultural Research Council (ARC) yenza iinzame ukuxhasa ukukhulisa nokusebenziswa kwale mifuno ngama fama, oomama, nabo bakwiqela labahluphekayo. Imisebenzi yophando olwenziwe yi ARC ijongana nokwakheka kwendlela ezingcono zolimo, indlela zokutyala nezokuvuna, zichaza izidingo zamanzi nezichumisi, iimveliso ezintsha nokuqinisekisa amanzi awoneleyo emhlabeni. Olu lwazi luzakusetyenziswa ukwenza iindlela ezintle zolimo kwimveliso yemifuno yase Afrika enamagqabi.
Inkonzo yophando ifunde ngezi zivuno zilandelayo:
Amaranth
Spider plant (Cleome gynandra)
Corchorus spp
Nightshade (Solanum retroflexum)
Amathanga nomxoxozi okrakra (bitter melons)
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta)
i-Amaranth, Corchorus ne spider plant yimifuno enamagqabi ngendalo enezakha mzimba nezinga eliphezulu le calcium, iron, no vitamin A, C. i-Amaranth ne Corchorus zityebile kwi protein ne fibre. Nangona ezintlobo zezivuno zingafuni lulawulo lungamandla kwaye ziyakhula nakwimihlaba ehluphekileyo, uphando lubonisa okokuba isivuno singongezeleka ngokuthi kongezwe isichumisi okanye kutyebiswe umhlaba ngomgquba.

I-Amaranth

©Dinesh Valke

The young plants and leaves of Amaranthus spinosus are eaten like spinach and it is reputed ot increase the milk yield in cattle when grazed.

Sisityalo esitshintshayo esilichiza esikhula phakathi ko 30 cm no 2m ubude. Esina magqabi amancinci, iindawo zokukhula kunye nezithole zisetyenziswa njenge zityalo, iinkozo ziphekwa njenge ngqolowa, zicolwa zibengumgubo zakugqiba zomiswe. Amagqabi nezikhondo ziyacolwa zisetyenziswe njengo gwayi. Kuyo yonke imithi eyaziwa ngokuba yimifuno enamagqabi yase Mzantsi Afrika, i-Amaranth ikulungele kakhulu ukuthengiswa njengesivuno.

I-Spider Plant

Sisityalo esilichiza esimagqabi anoboya neengcambu, amagqabi we spider plant adibene – oku kwesandla neminwe – kwaye asetyenziswa esemancinci. Maxa wambi akrakra, angaphekwa kubisi ne tomato iphakwe oku kwe spinach, yenze incasa ehlabayo yokutya.

Iintlobo ze Corchorus

Yaziwa njenge Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius ne Corchorus tridens) esi sityalo lichiza elivunwa ngonyaka elinentyatyambo ezityheli ezincinci. Icorchorus ephekiweyo imtyibilizi esandleni, ifana ne okra. Ukwehlisa ubutyibilizi kuye kufakwe ibicarbonate of soda (okanye umchamo wenkomo) ziye zidityaniswe namanzi ekuphekwa ngawo.

I-Nightshade

iNightshade sisityalo ezilichiza esikhula siyokuma ku 75 cm kwaye yaziwa nje ngesiqhamo esincinci, esikhazimlayo, esimnyana-mfusa, esi kwaziyo ukutyiwa sisandula ukukhiwa kodwa ivame ukusetyenziswa ekwenzeni ijam. Isiqhamo esihlaza ngombala siyityhefu. Amagqabi nezidubulileyo zinga phekwa kodwa amagqabi ayatyiwa engaphekwanga.

I-Pumpkins ne Bitter Melon

Pick young pumpkin leaves for steaming. Remove the thorny fibres by taking a small piece of the stem and stripping it down the back of the leaf, removing the thorny fibres. Cut into small pieces before cooking or sautéeing.

Amagqabi we pumkins ne bitter mellow (Citrullus lanatus) zisetyenziswa njengezityalo ezinamagqabi. Zingamalungu wosapho lwe Cucurbitaceae, ezi zityalo zifana nomdiliya kwaye ziyanona, yiyolonto zisetyenziswa ukulawula ukhula xa zikhula. Zivunwa endle, amagqabi, indawo ezidubulileyo, iintyatyambo, neziqhamo ezise ncinci ziyaphekwa logama iinkozo eziqhotsiweyo zisetyenziswa njengokutya kokulibazisa.

I-Cowpeas

©Jud McCranie

The pods and seeds of the cowpea plant. The leaves are also eaten as vegetable and makes a good animal feed.

Isityalo se cowpeas sisivuno esinamagqabi azimbotyi ezomiswayo, kwaye zezase Afrika kwamandulo. Zombini, amagqabi amatsha nee ‘nkozo’ zityiwa njenge mifuno, logama isityalo sonke sisetyenziswa njengo kutya kwezilwanyane zisandula ukukhiwa okanye, njenge ngca nokuba yingca edityanisiweyo. Umgubo we cowpea usetyenziswa xa kubhakwa nakwi zidlo ezenziwa zikhonxwe zenyama yenkukhu ezifana ne ‘chicken nuggets’. iCowpeas ziphezulu kwisakha mzimba iproteni (18 ukuya ku 35%) ne carbohydrates (ama 50 ukuya kuma 65%) we B vitamins.

Amadumbe

Just harvested amadumbe tubers should be washed before boiling or roasting.

Amadumbe, akwabizwa itaro, sisityalo esikhula kwingcamu kwaye saziwa njenge ‘zambane lase hlathini’. Alidibenanga ke nezambane eliqhelekileyo, amadumbe anengcambu ezihluthisayo, ziyaphekwa logama amagqabi nentyatyambo esonwatyelwa njengo mfuno ohlaza ngombala,amadumbe axhaphakile eNtshona Afrika.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie