Lavhelesa Miroho ya Mvelo kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe?
Although not indigenous to South Africa, spinach is a very popular vegetable in the local diet.
Naho huna uri zwo no litshedzwa na u dzhielwa fhasi kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe, u ṱavha ha zwimela zwa mvelo zwi ya thusa kha kulimele na ufha zwiḽiwa mahayani na u fhungudza vhusiwana, na u engedza uvha hone ha tshelede na mutakalo wa vhathu.
Miroho ya mvelo iya kona u konḓelele mutsho une wa konḓa, dzo no ḓowela na nyimelo ya Afrika Tshipembe nahone uya kona u vhona i tshi khou hula nahone iya hula na ho i sa khou sheledzwa. U tshi nga engedza, hezwi zwimela zwi dovha hafhu zwa vha zwithu zwine zwa vha zwa sialala zwine zwi hone kha vhufa.
‘Miroho ya Afrika ya maṱari’ hu vha hu tshi khou ambiwa tshaka dza zwimela zwine zwa shumisa maṱari azwo sa muroho zwi ya dovha hafhu zwa vhidziwa sa morogo kana imifino nga vhathu vhapo kha ḽa Southern Africa. Miroho hei ndi yone ine ya ita uri zwiḽiwa zwashu zwi vhe zwo fhelelaho kha vhathu vhane vha swika millions (vha mahayani) vha Afrika Tshipembe vho pfuma nga pfushi sa vitamin A na iron.
Ṱhukhu dzine dza ṱuma lurere nga u ṱavhanya dzi ya shumiswa sa miroho. Zwiḽiwa zwi nga bva kha muroho muthihi kana yo vhalaho. Uri hu vhe na muthetshelo zwishumiswa zwo no nga sa maṱamatisi, nyala zwi na nḓuhu na zwi spice zwi nga shumiswa. Vhunzhi ha hezwi zwimela zwi ya kaṋeswa, ngeno zwiṱuku zwi tshi tou kaṋiwa lwo linganelaho uri hu kone u ṱhogomelwa miṱa ya mahayani.
Zwazwino, vha Agricultural Research Council (ARC)vha khou shuma kha u ita uri vha bveledzise u hula ha miroho kha vho rabulasi, vhafumakadzi na zwigwada zwine zwa khou balelwa. Thandela dza u ṱodulusa nga vha ARC vha tou fombe kha zwa u wana miroho ya vhudi ine ya nga bveledziswa, vha tshi khou bveledza u ṱavha na kukaṋele, vha tshi khou sedza na ṱhoḓea ya maḓi na manyoro, na u bveledzwa ha zwishumiswa na u langa mavu. hei ndivho i ḓo vha hone hu tshi khou itelwa u thusa vho rabusali kha u bveledzwa ha miroho ya maṱari.
Vha zwa ngudo vho guda zwimela zwi tevhelaho:
Amaranth
Spider plant (Cleome gynandra)
Corchorus spp
Nightshade (Solanum retroflexum)
Pumpkins and bitter melon
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta)
Zwimela zwa Amaranth, corchorus na spider ndi miroho ya mvelo ine ya vha na pfushi vhukuma na u ḓala ha calcium, iron na vitamins A na C. Amaranth na corchorus dzo ḓala nga protein na fibre, naho huna uri hezwi zwimela zwi dzhiiwa sa zwimela zwine zwa sa vhe na mushumo munzhi wa u londa, nahone dzi nga hula na kha mavu manwe na manwe. Dzi ngudo dzi sumbedza uri uri dzi vhe na u ḓala vhukuma u fanela u shela manyoro.
Amaranth
The young plants and leaves of Amaranthus spinosus are eaten like spinach and it is reputed ot increase the milk yield in cattle when grazed.
Ndi muri wa mushonga une wa hula 30cm uya kha 2m uya nṱha. Matari maṱuku, na ane avha tshi kha ḓi hula ndi one ane a shuma sa muroho. Mbeu i bikiwa sa grain, wo i sinḓa na fhasi uri i vhe fulauru wa i omisa. Maṱari na tsinde zwi ya sinḓiwa zwa ita tshinefu. Miri ine ya dzhiiwa sa miroho ya maṱari kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe, hei ndi yone ine ya vha na mbuyelo kha thengiso.
Murudi (Spider Plant)
Muri wa mushonga une wa vha na maṱari ane avha na maveve na tsinde, maṱari ahone o farana sa tshanḓa, tshi shumiswa tshi tshe tshiṱuku. Tshinwe tshifhinga tshi ya vhavha, tshi nga bikiwa na mafhi na maṱamatisi zwa tou nga spinach, zwi ya engedza zwiḽiwa.
Corchorus Species
I divhiwa nga la delele (Corchorus olitorius na Corchorus tridens) hetsho tshimela ndi tsha khalanwaha tsha vha na maluvha matuku a muvhala wa tshitopana. U bika delele zwi fana na u bika okra. U tshi khou bika unga shela bicarbonate of soda (kana murondo wa kholomo) unga engedza kha maḓi a u bika.
Muxe (Nightshade)
Nightshade ndi muri wa mushonga une wa hula u swika kha 75cm u dovha wa ḓivhiwa nga u vha muṱuku, upenya, wa vha na mutshelo wa phephulu uya kha mutsu, unga ḽiwa u muṱuku uya shumiswa na kha u ita jamu. Mutshelo mudala wa hone u khombo, maṱari maṱuku aya bikiwa fhedzi unga aḽa na musi o tou ralo.
Pumpkins na Bitter Melon
Pick young pumpkin leaves for steaming. Remove the thorny fibres by taking a small piece of the stem and stripping it down the back of the leaf, removing the thorny fibres. Cut into small pieces before cooking or sautéeing.
Matari a zwifhuri na a bitter melons (Citrullus lanatus) zwi ya shumiswa sa miroho. Ndi muṱa wa Cucurbitaceae, hezwi zwimela zwi nga miṱokola zwi ya shumiswa na kha u langa tsheṋe,musi u tshi khou kaṋa, iya kaṋiwa yoṱhe, maṱari tsinde maluvha na mitshelo miṱuku wa bika wa ḽa.
Muṋawa
The pods and seeds of the cowpea plant. The leaves are also eaten as vegetable and makes a good animal feed.
Ndi muri wa maṱari une vhubvo ha hone ndi Afrika. Zwothe matari na mbeu zwi ya liwa sa muroho, ngeno huna uri tshimela tshote tshi tshi liwa nga zwifuwo zwi zwitete kana sa mahatsi. Cowpea flouiya shuma na kha u baga na nama inen ya vha yo vhewa chicken nuggets. Cowpeas dzo dalesa protein (18 - 35%) na carbohydrate (50 uya kha 65%) na B vitamins.
Amadumbe
Just harvested amadumbe tubers should be washed before boiling or roasting.
Amadumbe, dzi vhidziwa sa taro, ndi muroho wa mudzi une wa ḓivhea sa nḓabula dza ḓaka. Adzi na vhushaka na nḓabula dzine ra dzi ḓivha, midzi ya hone iya bikiwa, ngeno maṱari ahone atshi ḽiwa sa muroho nga maanḓa a ḓivhea West Africa.
Translated by
Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe