Ukukhulisa Isitiya Ungasebenzisi Khemikhali

©Marinda Louw
Zintathu iindlela ezixhaphakileyo zokukhulisa imifuno embadlwana ngaphandle kwee khemikhali. Zonke ezindlela ziphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye ziluncedo xa imali, amanzi, kunye nomhlaba unqongophele. Imifuno etyalwe ngalendlela ibase mpilweni kunaleyo iveliselwe intengiso ngesixa esikhulu.
Iindidi ezintathu zesitiya semifuno:
Imisele yokutyala - Enza umngxunya emhlabeni uwudibe ngezichumiso zendalo kunye nomhlaba. Ungakwazi ukutyala kwangoko kwimisele elungiswe ngalendlela.
Imihlaba epakishiweyo - Kwii ndawo apho kunzima ukwenza imingxunya emhlabeni, kubakishwa imihlaba. Lendlela ifanele abantu abakhubazekileyo ngokomzimba okanye abantu abadala abasokolayo ukugoba.
Isitiya semifuno esikwii nkonkxa - Ukutyala imifuno kwiinkonkxa ezifana nee mbiza okanye amavili.

Yenziwa Njani Imisele Yokutyala Isitiya Semifuno

Umsele kufuneka ubeyi 1m ububanzi, 2m ubude kwaye ufikelele emadolweni ubunzulu, malungana nama 50cm. xa usomba umsele. Hlukanisa umhlaba wangaphezulu nangaphantsi- Umhlaba ongaphezulu uchume kakhulu kwaye umnyama ngombala kunalowo ungaphantsi. Soloko usomba umsele ukuqala empuma ukuya entshona; oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana ilanga elaneleyo imini yonke. Ukuba wombiwe ukuqala emntla ukuya entshona, umandlalo uzakufumana umthunzi omninzi. Qiniseka ukuba umhlaba womandlalo uyalingana, nokukekela okuncinci ukuvumela amanzi ukuba ehlele ngezantsi. Akufanelanga ubemqengqelezi kakhulu umhlaba kuba oku kungadala ukhukulisek lomhlaba. Ukuba umhlaba uhleli usemqengqelezini, omandlalo bangenziwa babene zitepu. Ngokuya usiya ubamqengqelezi, kukuye kusenziwa izitepsi ezininzi.
Diba imisele ithi gabhu ngezichumiso zendalo - umzekelo inkunkuma yesitiya, amaxolo emifuno, amakhoba amaqanda nkqu nokhula. Sebenzisa ne manyolo yobulongwe begusha, inkomo, iibhokhwe, iinkukhu, imivundla kunye nee hagu. Ungasebenzisi ilindle lezinja, inyama ehlaza okanye amafutha. Beka izinto ezihrabaxa ezifana namahlahla amancinci, izikhwebu zombona, ingca eyomileyo ngaphantsi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle. Beka malunga neetoti ezintandathu ezi rusileyo phezu kwezizinto.
Oku kukufaka izondlo zangaphakathi/ micronutrients (izondlo ezidingekayo kwizibalo ezincinci) ezifana ne zinc (Zn) kunye ne ayoni (Fe) emhlabeni.
Gquma iitoti ngamaphepha ndaba akrazulweyo okanye amakhathoni.
Ugalele isichumiso esiseleyo.
Cukanisa ezi zinto wongeze nezichumiso ezingena khemikhali ukuba umsele awuka gcwali.
Galela imanyolo yezilwanyana ngaphezulu. Oku kunikisa ngeentsholongwane ezidingekayo ukuqala ukubola kwezi zichumiso ukucola umgquba.
Manzisa izichumiso kakuhle, usebenzisa upaypi wegadi okanye ibhakethi. Ubumanzi buzakuncedisa ekugubekeni.
Gquma isichumiso ngomhlaba oshiyeke kumsele. Oku kuzakuthintela amavumba amabi kunye neempukane ngethuba lokucola. Diba umsele ngomhlaba ubukhutshiwe- Umhlaba ongaphantsi kuqala wandule ukugalela umhlaba wangaphezulu.
Umsele odityiweyo kufunek ubengama 15cm ukuphakama kunomhlaba osemacaleni, kodwa ngokuye umgquba ucoleka kunye nezondlo zisetyenziswa yimifuno, ubude bomsele buzakwehla.
Indlela yokwenza umsela uxabisa kancinci kwaye usebenza kakuhle, abavelisi abadingi kuthenga zondlo kunye nezichumiso. Kuba isivuno sisempilweni sizakusokola kancinci kwizifo kunye nezitshabalalisi, kwaye namaxabiso oku ayancipha.
Le ndlela ibanesivuno esikhulu kunye nomgangatho wesivuno ubaphezulu ngenxa yezi zizathu:
Umgquba usetyenziswa ngaphantsi komsele kwaye usebenza njenge sipontshi esifunxa amanzi zise siwakhuphele xa edingwa zizityalo.
Umgquba ujika ube yi khomposti kwaye wenze umtsalane kwi microbes zomhlaba.
Yonga imali kuba kusetyenziswa isichumiso ezincinci kunye nekhemikhali ezimbalwa ukulawula izitshabalalisi.
Imali ingenziwa ngokuthengisa imifuno esemgangathweni ophezulu okanye uvelise imifuno yokutyiwa ekhaya, kucutha inkcitho ngokungathengi kutya.
‘Inkunkuma’ yendalo isetyenziswa ukuchumisa umhlaba kwaye nendawo ihlala icocekile.

Imihlaba Epakisheneyo Yesitiya Semifuno

©Marinda Louw
Sebenzisa lendlela xa ungakwazi ukomba imingxunya. Imihlaba epakisheneyo yezitiya zemifun ilungele abantu abakhubazeke ngokwasemzimbeni okanye abo bahamba ngezitulo ezinamavili abasafuna ukuzilimela imifuno yabo. Iyohluka kunalendlela yemisele ngendlela yokuba umgquba ugalelwa phezu komhlaba wangaphezulu ukwenza umandlalo ophakamileyo ohrangqe umhlaba, ulandele indlela efanayo nomandlalo womsele. Yonga amanzi ngokongeza umgquba emhlabeni, kubekho nesivuno esikhulu semifuno kwindawo ye yunithi nganye.

Isitiya Semifuno Esikwi Nkonkxa

©Marinda Louw
Ngale ndlela, iinkonkca zigcwaliswa ngomquba kwaye umhlaba ugalelwa phezu komgquba. Khumbula ukumanzisa umgquba kakuhle phambi kokuba ugalele umhlaba ngaphezulu. Ezona nkonkxa zixhaphakileyo ngamavili wemoto okanye we trakhi kwaye asetyenzisw kakhulu ukutyala iitapile kunye neminqathe. Le ndlela ingalungiselelwa uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo ngokupakisha ama 5 okanye 6 elinye phezu kwelinye. Malunga nama 5 ukuya kuma 6kg wee tapile ezintsha zingavunwa kwiqela ngalinye leetapile. Iiplastiki ezinkulu ezimnyama kunye nama dramsi angasetyenziswa ukutyala iitapile.
Iinkonkxa ezenziwe ngee paleti ezindala nazo zingasetyenziswa, kodwa amakhoba eplastiki afumaniseka eshwabana ngokuhamba kwexesha. Faka amalaphu ngamalaphu omthunzi ukuze amanzi afunxeke. Beka iinkonkxa endaweni enelanga, zibekude nengqele kunye nomoya owomileyo. Kwizityalo eziphezulu ezifana ne pepile, itamati kunye ne eggplants, qinisekisa ukuba inkonkxa inkulu kwaye isinda ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nobunzima besityalo. Faka ingca encinci eyomileyo phezu komhlaba. Izithole ezisandula kuntshula zinga kwazi ukutyhoboza kulengca logama lengca inceda ukugcina amanzi inciphisa ukukhula kokhula.
Uninzi lwemifuno- Olufana namathanga, iimbotyi, ispinatshi, iitamati kunye namatswele- zingakhuliswa ziyimbewu. Xa utyala imbewu, sukutyala ibenzulu kakhulu - tyala imbewu kumngxuma ongaphinda-phindekanga kathathu kumlinganiselo wazo. Xa utyala izithole, zama ukungaphazamisi iingcambu. Nkcenkceshela emva kokunkcenkceshela kathathu ngeveki emva koko, kuxhomekeke kwimvula. Ezinye izityalo ziyancedisana ukukhula ngcono nokukhuselana kwizitshabalalisi.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana