Ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika livelisa i-oli yomnquma (olive oil) ekwizinga eliphezulu, kodwa iyivelisa ngezibalo eziphantsi. Esi sibalo sincinane kangangokuba asoneli nesiqingatha soluntu lweli lizwe. Noxa kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika usakwazi ukuthumela i-oli yomnquma kumanye amazwe, ingakumbi kumazwe akweli lizwekazi le Afrika afana ne Namibia (malunga nama 300 eetoni) kunye ne Botswana (malunga nama 200 eetoni), kodwa ke ukwathumela nama 50 eetoni kwilizwe lase UK (amanani angomnyaka ka 2017).
Iingingqi ze Mveliso ye Oli Yomnquma
Ngokwengxelo ye Hortgro, kutyalwe ama 2 849 ha emithi yomnquma eMzantsi Afrika. Esi sisibalo esenyuke ngama 110% kwizityalo kwiminyaka engaphaya kweshumi ukususea ngomnyaka ka 2008, nalapho kwakutyalwe ama 1 357 ha kuphela.
Ulimo lwande kakhulu kwisixeko sase Kapa, nalapho izityalo ezitsha zikhule ngama 640%. Ukusuka kwisibalo nje esingephi see hekthare ezingama 56 ngomnyaka ka 2012 ukuya kwii hekthare ezingama 414 ngomnyaka ka 2018.
Imveliso ye oli yomnquma eMzantsi Afrika ijolise kakhulu kwiphondo lase Ntshona Koloni, nalapho lemveliso ibalelwa kuma 93%, logama kwamanye amaphondo, ngaphandle kwephondo la KwaZulu-Natal, enegalelo eliyi 1% kunye ne 3% kwinani elipheleleyo le oli yomnquma eveliswa eMzantsi Afrika.
Ngomnyaka ka 2018, kwaye kukho inani elingaphaya nje kwe 170 labavelisi beminquma eMzantsi Afrika. Isiqingatha sala mafama ayevelisa kwimihlaba engaphantsi kwi 5 ha. Kodwa ke, awona mafama avelisa kakhulu ayevelisa ngaphaya kwee hekthare ezingama 50 umfama ngamnye. Aba bavelisi bavelisa inani elingama 44% lwezityalo eMzantsi Afrika.
Iminquma eMzantsi Afrika ivunwa phakathi kwee nyanga zika Matsji kunye nezika Juni/Julayi.
Emva kokuba kucatshulwe ii-oli, iyafumaneka i-oli ngenyanga ka Agasti/Septemba.
Imveliso ye Oli yoMnquma eHlabathini
Awona mazwe aphala phambili ekuveliseni i-oli yomnquma apha ehlabathini, ngalawo angqonge iMediterranean kunye nase Mbindi Mpuma. Amanye amazwe akuluhlu lwamazwe alishumi ahamba phambili ngala: Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria kunye ne Portugal.
Imveliso ye oli yomnquma kwihlabathi lonke, iqikelelwa ukuba yehle nge 5.5 % nge 3.130 yezigidi zee toni. Le ngxelo ikhutshwe emva kwexesha lesivuno lomnyaka ka 2018/19, ikhutshwa yi khansila ye International Olive Council (IOC).
Amazwe alahlekelwe sisibalo esingaphaya kwama 50% emveliso yi Tunisia kunye ne Argentina. Amanye amazwe athwaxwe kanobom yile lahleko yemveliso aquka iGreece ngama 35%, kunye ne Turkey ngama 30%. Kwilizwe lase Italy, imozulu embi yonakalise imithi ezi zigidi ezingama 25, nto leyo ikhokelele ekwehleni kwemveliso ngama 38%. Kuyo yonke lonto, ilizwe ase Italy likuluhlu lwesibini lwamazwe avelisa i-oli yomnquma, lilandela emva kwelizwe lase Spain.
Elona lizwe lithenga kakhulu i-oli yomnquma kwamanye amazwe, lilizwe lase Melika. Eli lizwe lithenga phakathi kwama 35% kunye nama 40% emveliso yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo eli lizwe linomlinganiselo omncinci wokusebenzisa le oli. Ubalelwa kwi 3 litha/umntu ngamnye ngonyaka osebenzisa le oli. Elona lizwe liyisebenzisa kakhulu yi Greece, nalapho umntu isibalo esingama 20 litha/kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka, ze abase Spain basebenzise 13 yee litha balandelwe ngabase Italy ngee litha ezili 11.
Intengo ye Oli yoMnquma kwamanye Amazwe
Ngokwee nkcukacha manani zika Hortgro, Kumnyaka ka 2017, uMzantsi Afrika uthenge malunga nama 6 900 eetoni ze oli yomnquma. Malunga nama 70% ubusuka eSpain ze I-19% isuke e-Italy. I-oli ethengwa kwilizwe ase Argentina ikhangeleka isenyuka ukusuka kumnyaka ka 2015, kodwa isenegalelo nge eliyi 2% ye oli yomnquma ethengwa kwamanye amazwe ngu Mzantsi Afrika.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana