Imvelaphi yeLavender isentshona kwamazwekazi ase Ntshona kunye nase Mbindini we Asia, Europe, kunye naseMntla Afrika. Kulo mkhomba ndlela, sizakujonga iindidi ezimbini eziphambili, nezisetyenziswa kwimveliso ye oli (essential oil) esetyenziselwa amayeza kunye neziqholo. Ezi ndidi zibizwa nge true lavender okanye i-English lavender kunye ne Lavandin hybrids.
Igama leSayensi: Lavandula Angustifolia
Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Lavender, True Lavender okanye i-English Lavender
Igama leSayensi: Lavandula Angustifolia x Lavandula latifolia
Igama Eliqhelekileyo: Lavandin
Inkcazelo Ngesityalo
Isityalo se lavender sisityalo esikhula unyaka wonke. Sikhula sibe malunga nama 1200 mm ubude kwaye sinamagqabi amade, angathi atsolo, ambala ungwevu-luhlaza. Lamagqabi amalunga nama 40mm ukuya kuma 50mm ubude. Esi sityalo sivelisa izihlahla aliqela najika abe ngamahlahla. Iintyatyambo ezikhula kwincam yezihlahla ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kumfusa (lilac purple) ngombala. Ilavandin yeyona ndidi ichumayo kwaye ivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi ukodlula i-English lavender.
Imisebenzi Yayo
Amaxesha amaninzi ilavender isetyenziselwa kakhulu i-oli (essential oil) yayo. Ikhilogrem nganye ye English lavender efakwe kwi distillation process ivelisa malunga nesi 5 ukuya kwisi 8 se milimitha ze essential oil. Xa iLavandins zimfaxangwa zivelisa i-oli ephindwe kabini, ntokunayo zona zibanevumba leyeza. Oku kubangelwa liqondo layo eliphezulu le camphor.
I-essential oil ephuma kwi English Lavender ithandwa kakhulu kushishino lweziqholo zomzimba. I-oli ye lavender ikwasetyenziswa njenge yeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ithintele nokosuleleka. Le oli ilungile njengesibulali zinambuzane kwaye ikwasetyenziswa nakwi aromatherapy. Le oli ikwasetyenziswa njengesiqholo kwezoshishino lokutya.
Iimfuno Zomhlaba Kunye Namalungiselelo
ILavender ikhula kwintlobo eziliqela zomhlaba, kodwa ikhula ngcono kumhlaba okwaziyo ukufunxa kakuhle amanzi norhabaxa; ingakhula nakwimihlaba yesanti eludaka. Le mihlaba kufuneka ibene pH ephakathi kwe 6.0 kunye nesi 8. Indidi yohlobo lwe True lavender ikhula ngcono kwimihlaba ezele yi alkaline. Yona ke iLavandin ikholwa yi pH esezantsi, nethanfde ukuba ne asidi.
Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwa nawaphi na amalungiselelo omhlaba, kufuneka kuthathwe isampuli yomhlaba okuza kutyalwa kuwo ithunyelwe elaboratory ukuze ihlolwe kufunyanwe nengcebiso zezinongo zomhlaba.
iLavender umthetho wayo ayinangcambu zingene nzulu emhlabeni. Kunqabile ukuba iingcambu zayo zikhule ziye kubunzulu obungaphaya kwama 300 mm. Umhlaba kufuneka uhlakulwe ukuze ungabinazigaqa kwaye ungaqini. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukufikelela kuma 400 mm obunzulu bomhlaba; ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ayarhoxa ngokwaneleyo emhlabeni. Lungisa amaqondo e pH ngokugalela ilime ukuba umhlaba wakho une asidi eninzi; wandule ukugalela umgquba okanye imanyolo. Hlakula malunga nobunzulu obungama 300 mm bomhlaba kwisithuba seeveki ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ngaphambi kokulima.
Kwiintsuku zokugqibela ngaphambi kokulima galela iitrace element kunye nesichumiso saphambi kokutyala. Ungabe sele uhlakula nge disc harrow kubunzulu obungama 20 cm omhlaba. Oku kuzakunceda ekusiphuleni ukhulu ekusenokuba besele luqala ukuntshula. Fakela imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela kunye nengca yokugquma ukuba sikhona isidingo, ube sele utyala izithole zakho.
Imozulu
iLavender sisityalo esihlala siluhlaza unyaka wonke nesikhula kwimozulu eyomileyo nefudumeleyo. Ikhula kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi 20°C kunye nama 28°C. ilavender ingalinywa kwimozulu apho kukho khona iimvula ezingama 500 mm ubuncinane, unyaka wonke. Nangona ikhula kakuhle xa inkcenkceshelwa ngohlobo lwe drip engacinywayo. Iyakhula kufutshane nomgangatho wolwandle, kodwa ikhula ngcono kwiimihlaba ephezulu. Zimbi zide zikhule zifikelele kuba 1500 emitha ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu achaphezela umgangatho wokuvela kwentyatyambo kunye nowe oli.
Iindidi Zesityalo
Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezizezona zihamba phambilii neziveliselwa intengiso.
I-English lavenders zona zivelisa iintyatyambo ezincinci nezimbalwa, kodwa ivelise i-oli ekumgangatho ongcono. Kuphinde kubekho iLavandins, nezingumxube wendidi ezahlukeneyo (hybrid) zona ke zivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye nee essential oil eninzi kwi hekthare nganye.
I-oli eveliswe nge True okanye English lavender ikumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye ithengiswa ngamaxabisa aphezulu.
Zininzi iindidi ze lavender, ngoko ke xa ukhetha ukuba mawutyale eyiphi kungangcono uqale ufumane iingcebiso kwi extension officer ye ngingqi yakho. Usenokubuza neengcali zemveliso mayelana nendidi elungele ingigqi oceba ukutyala kuyo, kwakunye nenjongo kunye nemakethi oceba ukuyithengisela.
Iindidi ezixhaphakileyo ze English okanye iTrue lavender zezi: Hidcote, Munstead, Jean Davis kunye ne Vera neyeyona ixhaphake kunazo zonke.
Iindidi ezixhaphakileyo zeLavandin zezi: Abriali, Dutch Mill, Grappenmall, Grosso, Provence, Seal kunye ne Super.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana