Eyona ntsusa yama qubune amnyama ayaziwa kuba zininzi iintlobo ngeentlobo eziveliswa kwilizwe jikelele. Zifumaneka kakhulu e-Eurasia naku Mantla we Melika, amaqunube amnyama asetyenziswe ukusuka ngexesha lakudala lama Grike kunye nama Roma, kunye nabahlali base Melika bewasebenzisa njengokutya, amayeza kunye ne dayi yokutshintsha umbala.
Ukukhethwa kwezityalo kwaqala kuphela phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yama 1800s. Nangona imveliso iye yaqheleka kwintengiso yengingqi engqongileyo kwiminyaka yama 1900s.
Imveliso Yamazwe Angaphandle
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, imveliso yama qunube amnyama ibithe gqolo ukonyukela ukuzama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo ezonyukayo. Oku kwakuqhutywa kukuvakala koncedo lwawo ngokwe mpilo, nokukhuthaza okokuba abathengi batye iziqhamo ezisaqhamileyo. Izidingo zentengiso ziyonyukela kuba amaqunube amnyama sisidlo esikhawuleziyo esimnandi, kwaye amnandi kakhulu kwisidlo sakusasa esiyipapa kunye nakwi yoghathi.
Ukuveliswa kwentlobo ezintsha kunceda abavelisi bahlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi ngokuthi baphuhlise incasa, indlela elula yemveliso, ahlale ixesha elide kwaye amaqunube asemgangathweni. IIizwe lase United States, Europe ne Mexico ngawona mazwe anqenqeza phambili kwimveliso.
Imveliso Yeli lo Mzantsi Afrika
Imveliso yama qunube amnyama isakhasa kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika kwaye kuqikelelwa okokuba imeko izakuba loluhlobo nakwimi nyaka embalwa ezayo. Umceli mngeni omkhulu kulentengiso kukuba ezintlobo zahlukileyo zilinywayo aziyilungelanga intengiso kumazwe angaphandle. Kungenjalo, iintlobo ezintsha ziyafumaneka ezizakuthi zincedisane nokusombulula lomceli mngeni.
Imveliso
Amaqunube amnyama akhula kakuhle kakhulu kwindawo ezinzulu, ezomileyo, imihlaba ene asidi kunye nezichumisi ezinikeza impilo kwaye ziveliswa kwiphondo lase Ntshona Koloni, Freystata, North West, Rhawutini, nase Limpopo. Malunga nama 80% wesivuno sivelisa kwiitonela, ze ezinye ziveliswe kwiintsimi ezingogqunywanga.
Ixesha le Mveliso
Amaqunube amnyama sisiqhamo sase hlotyeni, ze ixesha lemveliso kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika liqale ngenyaka ka Novemba kuxhomekeke kwindawo yemveliso kunye nohlobo lwamaqunube amnyama.
Iintlobo
Kulinywa iintlobo ezahlukileyo zamaqunube amnyama, iintlobo ezinabileyo okanye ezimileyo, kwaye ezintlobo ziyohluka nokuhlaba kwameva wazo. Iintlobo ezimileyo ziyanyamezela kwingqele ngaphezulu kohlobo olunabayo.
Izityalo zamaqunube amnyama zithatha ixesha elingange minyaka emithathu ukuze zivuthwe kwaye zivelise iziqhamo ukuyokuma kwiminyaka elishumi nambini (12). Ngonyaka ka 2018 malunga nama 52% wezityalo zamaqunube amnyama ezazityalwe eMzantsi Afrika zazingaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu, ngapha kwama 40% zazindala ngapha kweminyaka esixhenxe, njengoko kubonakaliswa yi SA Berry Producers Association.
Intengiso Manani
I-SA Berry Producers Association ichaze okokuba ilizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika livelise phantse iitoni ezingama 225 zamaqunube ngonyaka 2018 ze ama 48% wazo athunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ama 41% athengiswa kweli lizwe, i-11% yasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iimveliso. Ngapha kwama 90% wentengiso yamazwe angaphandle yaya e-Europe intsalela zaya eMiddle East.
Imisebenzi
Amaqunube amnyama aziwa njengesinye isidlo esinikeza impilo esimangalisayo, kuba agcwele uVitamin A, C no E, minerali, ezifana ne potassium, magnesium, kunye ne calcium, kananjalo ne fibre ne antioxidants. Zonke ezizinongo kukholelwa okuba ziyanceda ekuthinteleni isifo sentliziyo.
Amaqunube amnyama angadliwa engaxutywanga, angasetyenziswa xa kubhakwa, ekutyeni oku khenkcezisiweyo okanye okwenziwe kwazezinye iimveliso ezisetyenziswa kwizidlo ezingo ngcamngce, iziselo ezimnandi, iti, yoghathi, kunye ne jem. Ingcambu kukholeleka okokuba zinceda isifo sotyatyazo kunye nesifo sosuleleko lwamathumbu. Nangona incindi kukholeleka okokuba ikhusela isikhumba kusuleleko kwaye sithintela nokuguga kwaso.
Isufungo Ngamayeza
Ezinkcukacha zezokufundisa nokwazisa kuphela kwaye azifanelanga ukuthathwa njenge ngcebiso kaGqirha. Olu lwazi alunazo injongo zokuthatha indawo ye ngcebiso namayeza ka Gqirha okanye unyango olunikezwa ngabezempilo ngoku semthethweni.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie