U Langa Maṱamatisi

Manyoro

Tshimela tsha maṱamaṱisi tshi ṱoḓa zwithu zwinzhi zwa u tshi nyora hokateliwa na Nitrogen, Phosphorus na potassium zwine zwa ita uri ni kone u tou tenda zwa vhuḓi musi yo nyoriwa nga manyoro. U ḓala ha manyoro zwi bva kha mavu ane wo ṱavhiwa khao, na khalaṅwaha ine wa khou ṱavhiwa khayo.
Tshimela hetshi tshi na nitrogen nnzhi vhukuma ine ya thusa kha u aluwa ha tshimela na u kona u ita maluvha avhuḓi na mitshelo ya maṱhakheni. A ṱoḓa na potassium nnzhi zwine zwa thusa kha u bvisa muvhala, muthetshelo, u khwaṱha, swgiri, acid na u oma ha mutshelo. Phosphorus i ṱuṱuwedza u bvelela ha midzi na u ṱavhanya u bvisa maluvha na mitshelo na u hula ha vhuḓi.
Maṱamatisi aya ṱoḓa pfushi nnzhi na vhuvha ha magnesium, calcium na Molybdenum dzi vha dzi hone kha mavu o ḓoweleyaho. Boron na Copper asi kanzhi dzi tshi wanala. Arali wa wana Boron i hone, zwiita uri mutshelo uvhe na mitwe, u sa tamise, u sina na tshivhumbeo tsha vhuḓi na mitshelo isi ya vhuḓi musi u tshi khou I kaṋa. Iron na yone iya vha hone nga u khakhea ha calcareous, mavu ane avha a matombo kana ho ḓalesa lime. Zwa manganese zwi wanala kha mavu.

Fertilizer Application - kg/hectare

Manyoro: 2:3:4
Tshifhinga tsha u a shela: Musi u tshi khou ṱavha
Mavu matete: 300 uya kha 500
Mavu ane asi vhe matete: 750 uya kha 1000
Manyoro: LAN
Tshifhinga tsha u a shela: Kha vhege ya vhuraru kana ya vhu rathi
Mavu matete: 250+250
Mavu ane asi vhe matete: 200+200
Manyoro: Potassium Nitrate
Tshifhinga tsha u a shela: Ha vhege ya vhu 6,9 kana ya vhu 12
Mavu matete: 100+100+100
Mavu ane asi vhe matete: 100+100+100

U Sheledza

U sheledza ndi zwa ndeme kha maṱamatisi. Ndi zwa ndeme u sheledza maṱamaṱisi nga zwifhinga zwo teaho u fana na musi u tshi kha ḓi tou fhedza u a ṱavha. U dzulela u sheledza zwi a bva kha lushaka lwa mavu na u fhisesa. U sheledza ho no vha kale kha musi ho no omesa zwiita uri maṱamaṱisi atshi bva avhe ana mitwe. Ndi zwa vhuḓi u sa sheledza kha tshithu tshine tsha sheledza nnṱha fhedzi ngauri maṱari ane avha o thabesa zwiita uri hu vhe na malwadze.
Kha vhege nṋa dza u tou thoma u fanela u shela 21 mm ya maḓi. Kha vhege dza malo dzine dza khou tevhela wa shela 38mm ya maḓi nga vhege. Wa kona u shela 31 mm vhege iṅwe na iṅwe. U sheledzesa zwi a tshinyadza tshimela.

U sa Shandukisa Zwine zwa Tavhiwa kha Mavu

Zwa u sa shandukisa zwiṱavhiwa kha mavu mathihi lwa miṅwaha yo no swika miraru kana miṋa zwi atendeliwa ngauri zwifhungudza malwadze na zwiḽi.

Kuṱhogomelele

U ṱhogomela tshimela zwina mbuyelo dzo vhalaho ho kateliwa na zwithu zwa u fafadzela zwine zwa thusa kha u pandela zwikhokhonono zwinzhi, mufhiso, na u dzhena zwavhuḓi ha muya na u thusa kha mitshelo, vha ṱavhi vhane vha vha vha sina tshenzhemo vha ya pfumbudziwa kha u ṱhogomela zwavhuḓi zwimela. Zwimela zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou ṱavhelwa u rengisa maragani zwi fanela u khathedzelwa.

U Langa Thanda

Thanda dzi nga langwa nga nḓila ya mitshini kana nga mishonga. Zwa u langa nga mishonga zwi ṱoḓa u tshi khou shumisa mishonga yo teaho. Musi u tshi khou shumisa zwi shumiswa u fanela u shumisa dzembe, nahone u fanela u ita nga vhuronwane.

Zwino Waṅwa Tsimuni

Ya fhasisa: 30 tonnes
Yo linganelaho: 40 uya kha 50 tonnes
Yo tendaho: 80+

U Kaṋa

Zwi ya kona u vhonala uri tshifhinga tsha u kaṋa tsho swika. Maṱamatisi ane avha a tshi khou tea u shumiswa a fanea u kaṋiwa o no tou vhibva. Ane a khou fanela u iswa fhethu kule a fanela u kaṋiwa a saathu tou vhibva zwavhuḓi ngeno a tshi khou ya kha mi makete ya tsini atshi fuliwa o vhibva tshoṱhe. Hu tendelwa u kaṋwa maṱamatisi hu tshe nga matsheloni na hone u tshi tuu fhedza u kaṋa u fanela u a isa fhethu ho dzumbamamaho wa a bvisa ḓuvhani ngauri aḓo tshinyala. Hangei nḓuni hune wa ḓo aisa hone ndi hone hune aḓo swika atshi kulumagiwa, na u kona ukhethekanyiwa na u pakiwa zwavhuḓi.

Hune a Vhewa Hone

Hune a vhewa hone zwi langiwa ngauri a ḓo vha o kaṋiwa o swika zwi ngafhani. Nga nḓowelo maṱamatisi a fanela u vhewa a tshikha 12C na 86% uya kha 90%.

Zwili

Nematodes, American Ballworm, Cutworm, American leafminer, aphids, red spider mite, rust mite, erinose mite, plusia looper, aphids na thrips.

Malwadze

Early blihgt, late blight, grey mould, leaf mould, powdery mildew, fruit rot, soft rot, bacterial canker, bacterial spot, bacterial speck, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt, anththacnose, Septoria leafspot, mosaic, spotted wilt.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe