Kunakekelwa kwe kwematamatisi

© Louise Brodie

Kuvundza

Tihlahla tematamatisi tidzinga umsoco lowanele loku kufaka ekhatsi initrogen, iphosphorus, ipotassium futsi ematamatisi avuma kahle umcuba lovundzile. Linani lamanyolo lofakwako liya ngekuvundza kwaloyo mhlabatsi nesikhatsi Kanye nenhlobo yatamatisi lolinywako.
Tihlahla tatamatisi tidzinga linani lelisetulu le nitrogen lokwenta sikhule kahle phindze sikhiphe timbale letiphilile futsi sitsele kahle. Tamatisi uphindze udzinge ipotassium leyanele, isita kutsi umbala ube muhle, usita nekutsi ubemnandzi tamatisi ucine kahle, ube nashukela kahle futsi ucine. iPhosphorus nyenta timphandze tikhule kahle timbale tisheshe tiphume futsi yenta ematamatisi akhule kahle ngekushesha.
Ematamatisi aphindze adzinge lihlobo lemsoco/kuvundza Kanye nekushoda kwe magnesium, icalcium Kanye ne molybdenum lejwayelekile emhlabatsini lone acid. iBoron kanye nekushoda kwe copper akujwayele kutfolakala ematamatisini. Nangabe kwenteka kushoda iBoron umphumela yakhona kuba kufayeka kwetitselo, sitselo sakhona siphume singakemi kahle futsi nekungavutfwa ngesikhatsi lesifanako. Kushoda kwemanganese kutfolakala kakhulu emhlabatsini lone calcareous.

Kufakwa kwamanyolo (linani kg/hecta)

Manyolo: 2:3:4 (30)
Sikhatsi sekuwufaka: Ekuhlanyeleni
Imihlabatsi levundzile: 300 to 500
Imihlabatsi lengakavundzi: 750 to 1000
Manyolo: LAN
Sikhatsi sekuwufaka: Emavikini lamatsatfu kuya kulasitfupha
Imihlabatsi levundzile: 250 + 250
Imihlabatsi lengakavundzi: 200 + 200
Manyolo: Potassium Nitrate
Sikhatsi sekuwufaka: Emavikini lasitfupha, layimfica phindze emavikini lalishumi nakubili
Imihlabatsi levundzile: 100 + 100 + 100
Imihlabatsi lengakavundzi: 100 + 100 + 100

Kuniselwa

Kunisela kumcoka kakhulu ekukhuliseni ematamatisi. Kumcoka kufaka emanti lanele etikhatsini letimcoka njengasemuva kwekuhlanyela noma ekutfutfukiseni kutsi unisele Kanye nekutsi kushisa kangakanani. Kunisela kakhulu emuva kwelilanga lelidze noma emuva kwesikhatsi komile kubanga kufayeka/kukayeka kwetitselo. Kusicwayiso kutsi akukho kahle kunisela ngentfo leyenta emanti afate ngoba emacembe lamanti abanga tifo. Emavikini lamane ekucala faka ema (mm) emanti langemashumi lamabili nakunye, njalo ngeliviki. Emavikini lasiphohlongo lalandzela lapho, faka emanti langema (mm) langemashumi lamatsatfu nesiphohlongo ngeliviki. Kunisela kakhulu nasekomile titselo kungabanga kutsi letitselo tifayeke.

Kushintja titjalo

Kushintja titjalo njalo emuva kweminyaka lemitsatfu kuya kulemine netitjalo letingafani kusita kuvikela tifo nekucosha tilwanyakatana.

Kujimisa noma kusekela

Kusekela kwetitjalo kunemiphumela leminyenti, loku kufaka ekhatsi kufutsa kahle kuvikela tifo netilwanyakatane, nemoya ushaya kahle futsi titselo atiboli. Tinhlanyelo letitikhulela tona ngendlela yato tidzinga kusekelwa noma tilengiswe etulu. Titselo letihlanyelelwa kudayiswa emaketse kufanele tihlale njalo tisekelwa.

Likhula

Likhula lingavikelwa ngekusebentisa imitsi noma ngetandla. Lokusebentisa tandla kufanele unake kutsi ungasondzeli kakhulu esihlahleni.
Sivuno: (buningi ku hecta)
Lesincane: (emashumi lamatsatfu ema tonnes)
emkhatsisini: (emashumi lamane kuya kumashumi lasihlanu wema tonnes)
Lesihle: (emashumi lasiphohlongo kuya etulu)

Kuvuna

Kutsi lesivuno sitosentjetelwa ini nebudze basemaketse ngito tintfo letisho kutsi kutocalwa nini kuvuna. Ematamatisi latosentjetiswa kwenta letinye tintfo avunwa nasekavutfwe kahle. Ematamatisi ladzinga kuhanjiswa kulenye indzawo avunwa asengaka vutfwa kakhulu, bese latosentjetiswa emaketse yasekhaya avunwa sekavutfwe kahle.
Kuyacwayiswa kutsi ematamatisi avunwe ekuseni bese ahanjiswa latobekwa khona, angashiswa lilanga kakhulu. Labekwa khona ematamatisi ayagezwa aphindze apakishwe.

Kubekwa

Simo lapho ematamatisi abekwa khona emuva kwekuvunwa kuya ngekutsi lama tamatisi avutfwe kangakanani.

Tilwanyakatana

Nematodes, American Ballworm, Cutworm, American Leafminer, aphids, red spider mite, rust mite, Erinose mite, plusia looper, aphids and thrips.

Tifo

Early blight, late blight, grey mould, leaf mould, powdery mildew, fruit rot, soft rot, bacterial canker, bacterial spot, bacterial speck, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt, anththacnose, Septoria leafspot, mosaic, spotted wilt.

Translated by Thandokuhle Motha