Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), kumbe (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)yile I ximilani lexi fuweke swinene hiti protein lexi humesaka mabilomu, lexi byaleriwaka ku tirhisiwa ka mbewu ya xona kusukela eka minkarhi ya khale swinene. Yina ndhuma swinene e tikweni ra China, Russia nale ka matiko yan’wana yale vuhuma dyambu bya Europe hi ndzhavuko wa swakudya, buckwheat ayina vuxaka na koroni, hambi leswi minkarhi yin’wana yitekiwaka tani hi ‘grain’ hambi loko kungari byasi.
Mbewu buckwheat ‘grains’ leyi pfumalaka gluten yi dyiwa yitetano, yi nyunyeteriwa yi cheriwa eku swekiweni ka mukapu, yi kandziwa leswaku yiva flawuri ya buckwheat kumbe yitirhisiwa ku vandzekela byalwa. Matluka ya buckwheat ya tirhisiwa ku endla tiya.
Ndlela Yo Byala Buckwheat
Lexi I ximilani lexingana mbewu leyintsongo swinene leyingana timintsu to vevuka swinene, buckwheat yitsakela misava leyinga sefiwa ku endliwa seedbed leyi tswongaka kahle mati naswona yinga kondzelela swiyimi swohambana hambana swa misava. Yitirha kahle swinene eka misava leyingana nitrogen yale hansi swinene, misava ya sandy leyi vevukaka leyingana acid yintsongo na pH leyinga exikarhi. Hambiswiritano, loko yibyariwile eka misava leyinga nonangiki, buckwheat yitirha ku antswa swinene kutlula swimilani leswin’wani swa tindzoho.
Yichava ngopfu mahiselo yale henhla ya ximumu xikan’we na gwitsi, kubyala swifanele kuva swisungula endzhaku ka gwitsi ra matimba, kambe kungaseva emaninginingini ya mahiselo ya ximumu.
Ndzhongho wa laveka hinkarhi lowu kuhumaka mabilomu-mune kuya eka ntlhanu wa mavhiki endzhaku ka kubyala. Mimoya yo oma, timpfula ta matimba na dyandza himinkarhi leyi swinga endla leswaku kuva na ku lahlekeriwa eka ntshovelo.
Mbewu leyi byariweke kahle ya buckwheat yita phikizana na nhova leyinga kona naswona ayi tali kuva yihlaseriwa hi switsotswana na swiphiqo swa mavabyi.
Buckwheat yiva yi vupfile kwalomu ka 10 - 12 wa mavhiki endzhaku ko byala. Yina kukula loku nga ehleketeleriwiki laha ehenhla ka ximilani ku hatlisaka kuva na mabilomu loko ehansi ka xona kahari mbewu. Ntshovelo (teka nkarhi u nonoka hi vurhonwani) wufanele kuva wu endliwa loko kwalomu ka 75% wa mbewu yi vupfile. Ntshovelo wungava kwalomu ka 1 100 kuya eka 1600 kg/ha.
Buckwheat ayi talangi kuva yi nghenisiwa eka nongonoko waku cinca cinciwa ka swibyariwa tani hileswi yinga xibyariwa lexi tirhisaka swinene ti minerali, ngopfu ngopfu phosphorus. Leswi swifanele switekeriwa ngopfu enhlokweni loko ku nonisiwa misava (fertilizing) ya swimilani leswin’wani.
Tani hi ximilani xa manyoro ya rihlaza, buckwheat ya vuyerisa hikuva yihumesa nhlayo yikulu swinene ya leswinga oma.
Buckwheat Eka Marimelo
Buckwheat hi xitalo ayi katsiwi eka nongonoko wo cinca cinca swibyariwa tani hileswi yitirhisaka ngopfu ti minerali, ngopfu ngopfu phosphorus. Leswi swifanele kuva switekeriwa enhlokweni swinene loko ku nonisiwa misava ku endlela swimilani leswin’wana.
Dr Hans Kendal, agronomist wale North Dakota State University u tsundzuxa leswaku kunga byariwi buckwheat endzhaku ka canola, mustard kumbe sunflower. Uvula leswaku, “Swimilani leswi swihumesa masalela ya swimilani leswi nonohaka ku swilawula loko kubyariwa buckwheat”.
Tani hi ximilani xa manyoro ya rihlaza, buckwheat yi vuyerisa swinene tani hi leswi yi humelerisaka nhlayo yale henhla swinene yo oma naswona etikweni ra USA, buckwheat yina nkoka swinene tani hi ximilani xo engetelela lexi kulaka hiku hatlisa swinene.
Buckwheat Na Tinyoxi
Buckwheat yikombisa ku humesa mabilomu loku yaka emahlweni naswona kunga heriki loku hile tlhelo ku kokaka rinoko ra switsotswana, kungari valala vantumbuluko va switsotswana swin’wana leswi kumekaka e purasini, kambe kukatsa na tinyoxi. Buckwheat, hambi leswi yingana nhlayo yale hansi ya ti protein (11%) yihumelerisa nectar naswona I swakudya swakahle swinene swa tinyoxi. Vuhumelerisi bya vulombe byingava eka kusukela ka 70 - 100 kg/ha kuya eka 300kg/ha eka swibyariwa swohlawuleka swa buckwheat.
Buckwheat yitirha kahle swinene eka cross-pollination na 2.5 hives/ha yahlohleteriwa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni