Ti mango I misinya leyi tsalaka hiku hambana eka mihandzu, leswivulaka leswaku lembe rinwani na rin’wani yitswala mihandzu leyi hambanaka hi vukulu. Vulawuri bya maendlelo ya kahle ya xirhapa, kufana na ku nonisa misava, swinga hundzuka ku hambana eka swibyariwa. Hambi leswi kuhambana ka 25% kuya eka 30% eka mbuyelo wa ntshovelo wunga languteriwa tani hi ntolovelo.
Mbuyelo wa ti Mango
Mbuyelo wa ti mango wu pimiwa hiti tonnes hi hectare (the average of both ‘on’ and ‘off’ years) naswona swiya hi malembe ya nsinya, muxaka wa ti mango, xipesi exikarhi ka misinya exirhapeni, maendlelo ya vulawuri (kufana naku nonisa misava) naswin’wana.
Tinxaka leti vuyerisaka mihandzu yale henhla tikatsa leti hlwelaka ku vupfa ta Keitt - 30 tonnes/ha, leti hatlisaka ta Tommy Atkins, Sensation na Jua, hinkwato 20 tonnes/ha kukatsa na Keitt leyi vuyerisaka 15 tonnes/ha.
Matshovelelo ya ti Mango
Ti mango ti tshoveriwa hi mavoko, kufikela ka mune eka nguva yin’we ya ntshovelo. Mihandzu yitshoveriwa loko yiri eka xiyimo lexi yinga kula xa rihlaza nanswona swinga tekiwi onge yilo vupfa. Ti mango letinga kula tivupfa endzhaku kaku khiwa naswona ti teka narhi waku hlayisiwa nakuva tiya xavisiwa e makete tahari eka xiyimo xa kahle.
Kukula swinga vonaka hiku tirhisiwa xikombisa muhlovo eka mihandzu leyi faneleke kuva yiyisiwa ematikweni mambe, hiku kamberiwa ku cindzuka ka yona laha hansi eka tinxaka ta Jua na Sensation. Swin’wani swofana na swivumbeko, ti lenticels xikan’we naku kenyeka laha ka tshindi naswona swinga pfuna ku komba ku lulamela ntshovelo eka muxaka wokarhi. Kutshamela ro kambela hi matihlo exirhapeni swina nkoka swinene ku kota ku vona nkarhi wa kahle wotshovela.
Tshindi ra ti mango rihumesa mafi yokarhi (corrosive latex or ‘milk’) lawa yanga onhaka nhlonge ya ti mango. Vahumelerisi van’wana va tirhisa switirhisiwa swo hlawuleka kuva va pfumelela leswaku mafi lawa ya wela eka swona, van’wana va hlawula ku hlantswa mihandzu endzhaku ka ntshovelo kusirhelela ku onhiwa ka nhlonge hi mafi lawa.
Nkarhi lowu hlohleteriwaka wa ntshovelo eka mihandzu leyi ringaneleke i kusukela hi 09:00 kuya eka 15:00 ku hunguta ku halaka ka mafi lawa, kambe leswi naswona aswi humeleli minkarhi hinkwayo.
Makhomelo ya ti Mango Endzhaku ka Ntshovelo
Ti mango ti pakiwa kuya hi mintlawa yatona tahari exirhapeni kusuka eka 1 kuya eka 3. Ntlawa wa 3 wa mihandzu, ngopfu ngopfu, wa hambanyisiwa eka hinkwayo hikwalaho kaku vaviseka ka nhlonge, leswi vangiwaka hi tinyenyani, kuhalahariwa loko ku ba moya kumbe yiri yintsongo ngopfu kumbe yikule ngopfu. Mihandzu leyi yi tekiwa yiya tirhisiwa ku endla swin’wana swotani hiti juzi (mihandzu leyintsongo) kumbe yi omisiwa (mihandzu leyikulu).
Mihandzu ya ntlawa wa 1 na 2 yi hlawuleriwa laha yi pakiwaka kona kuya hi vukulu, xivumbeko, leswi nhlonge yi vonakisaka xiswona na kuvaviseka kutani yiya pakiwa eka swibye swati 2 kg kumbe 4 kg.
Anthracnose na kubola ka tshindi hiwona mavabyi yambirhi ya nkoka swinene ya mihandzu leyi naswona ku tirhisiwa mati yo hisa swinene (HWT) hi xikongomelo xo susa switsotswana eka mihandzu leyi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe. HWT ayi endliwi eka tindzhawu hinkwato ta tiko ra Afrika Dzonga hikuva tindzhawu tin’wana atina wona mavabyi lawa. Hinkarhi wa HWT, mihandzu ya rihlaza yi cheriwa kuringana ntlhanu wa timinete endzeni ka mati lawa yanga hisiwa kufika eka 47℃. Eka mahiselo lawa, swilo hinkwaswo leswi vangaka mavabyi swa fa kambe muhandzu wuva wunga vavisekangi.
Ku Vupfa ka ti Mango
Ti mango I mihandzu leyiyaka hi maxelo. Leswi swivula leswaku mihandzu yita vupfa endzhaku ka ntshovelo. Ti mango tinga tshoveriwa loko tilulamerile kambe taha tsindziyerile naswona tita kota ku kondzelela swiyimo swa swofamba na ku khomakhomiwa loko tiya emahlweni ti vupfa. Tani hileswi yinga mihandzu leyiyaka hi maxelo, ku vupfa ka ti mango swinga hlohleteriwa naku lulamisiwa hikuva yi cheriwa hi gasi ya ethylene.
Ku cinca ka kuvupfa eka ti mango swinga humelela eka mahiselo lawa yanga kusukela eka 10 kuya eka 30°C. Kutumbuluka ka mihlovo swiva kahle eka 16°C, loko nantswo wona wuvakona loko mahiselo ya kahle yari kwalomu ka 27°C.
Hlayisa ti mango laha kunga hola kufana nale ndlwini kumbe u tivupfisa hikuva u phutsela hi maphepha kuringana masiku yambirhi. Loko ti titimetiwile, tingaka tinga vupfi, hambiswiritanio, loko se tivupfile, ti mango tinga hlayisiwa endzeni ka xigwitsirisi kumbe tigwitsirisiwa ku ringana ntsevu wa tinhweti.
Ti mango ta rihlaza letinga vupfangiki ti khiwa tiya tirhisiwa ku endla atchar – leyingana xipayisisi, yidyiwaka na swotala kukatsa ti cold meat, curry na xiculu, loko titsemeleriwa kunga endliwa swipetlu leswintsongo eka ti saladi laha kuvaka ku cheriwe na mitsembyani na swipayisiis.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni