Dithoro-nnye, tse di jaaka korong, oats le triticale di angwa ke malwetse a a farologaneng a a ka amang thôbô kgotsa boleng jwa sejalo. Agricultural Research Centre e umaka a a latelang jaaka malwetse a a botlhokwa thata:
Malwetse a Letlhare le Kutu
Rust ke bolwetse jwa mouta jo bo amang thôbô le boleng jwa sejalo, bomasisi jwa tshenyô bo ikaega ka maêmô a tikologo le go angwa bonolo ga sejalo kgotsa mofuta wa sejadi ke mofuta wa bolwetse. Rust ya kutu e kaiwa fa ka kakaretso ele kotsi go feta rust ya letlhare le ya mothalo, fa rust ya korone e ama fela oats.
Go runya go ka thibelwa ka go jala mefuta e e kganetsang bolwetse jo. Dibolayamouta le tsona gantsi di a tshelwa ka magato a tlhare-supa le tlhare-folaga go tshola malwetse ka fa tlase ga taolô, ka ge mefuta ya bolwetse fa nako e tsamaya e ka fenya kganetso ya sejalo. Ka mefuta mengwe ya bolwetse, mathata a ka retibatswa ka go jala dithoro-nnye go sale gale mo setlheng.
Powdery Mildew ke bolwetse jo bongwe jwa mouta jo bo amang matlhare le dikutu tsa dithoro-nnye. Go tshwana le rust, e tlhagisa dikapeo tse di tshelang ka makgaphila a sejalo se e runyang mo go sona kgotsa dijalo tsa boithaopi ka ditlha tse go senang thôbô. Bolwetse gantsi bo runya mo masimong a a jadilweng ka go kitlana a a tshetsweng monontsha go fetisa. Ditshêlô tsa dibolayamouta tsa mo matlhareng ke mokgwa o mogolo wa taolô.
Septoria e runya gantsi mo korong e e jadilweng ka go kitlana e e tlopetsweng monontsha. Mefuta e e farologaneng ya bolwetse jono jwa mouta e teng, mme mofuta wa septoria leaf blotch o nna teng gantsi fa setlha sa kgolô se le metsi le diphefo. Mo malobeng, balemirui ba katswa ba ne ba fisa mafatshe a bona go tlosa septoria, fela mokgwa-tiriso ono o a nyefolwa gompieno ka ge o bolaya ditshidinyana tse di dipoêlô le tse di senang dipoêlô. Ditlhopho tse di botoka ke go jala mefuta e e kganetsang bolwetse le go dirisa tikoloso-jalô go roba tiko-lwetse. Dibolayamouta tse di farologaneng tsa mo matlhareng le tsona di teng go thusa go laola bolwetse.
Malwetse a Tsebe le Thoro
Bunts le smuts ke malwetse a mouta a a tshwaetsang dijothoro tsa thoro-nnye le mefuta ele mmalwa ya bojang. Mefuta ya bolwetse e e botlhokwa ke loose smut le covered smut, e e tshwaetsang dipeo tse di melang mme e bope tshwaetsego ya thulaganyo-jalô, morago ga fao bolwetse bo tsenelela togwa ya tlhogwana mme bo e fetolele go kgwethe ya dikapeo. Kalafo ya peo ke tsela e e dirang go gaisa ya go thibela bolwetse jo, ka jalo o seke wa lekeletsa ka peo e e sa kwadiswang-semmuso kgotsa e e sa alafiwang.
Karnal bunt e supilwe lantlha mo Afrika Borwa ka Sedimonthole 2000 kwa kgaolong ya nosetsô ya Douglas. Bo kaiwa fa ele bolwetse jwa quarantine, ka jalo go runya go go belaelwang go tshwanelwa ke go begelwa Department of Agriculture. Dikgatô tse di farologaneng di tsenngwa tirisong go thibela go anama ga bolwetse gotswa mo kgaolong e e amegileng, tse di akaretsang go tlhatswiwa ga metšhine ya mo polaseng morago ga gore e diriswe mo mmung o o amegileng.
Mooko o o tshwaetsegileng o lebega o le montsho, o gotlhegile mme o ntsha “monkgo wa tlhapi” o o bosula, o o fetisetswang mo buping jo bo sitsweng. Bolwetse bo thibela kgolô ya dijalo mme bo isa kwa go butsweng ga pele ga nako le kwa go sweng ga dijalo. Ditlhatlhobo tsa microscope tsa peo di a tlhokega go supa bolwetse ka tshwanelo, ka ge bo sa ame tsebe yotlhe ka metlha. Le fa dibolayamouta dingwe di ka thusa go fokotsa ditiragalo tsa bolwetse, ga go sepe se ga jaana se gatisitsweng fa se thibela tshwaetso.
Malwetse a Thito le Modi
Take-all e ama medi, korone le modi wa dithoro, segolo thata korong. Bolwetse jo jwa mouta gantsi bo runya mo dithulaganyong tsa tlhagiso tse di tseneletseng, mo pH ya mmu eleng alkaline, mo mebung e tlhaelang nitrogen le/kgotsa manganese mme e sa tswe metsi sentle. Bolwetse bo bontsi gape mo dingwageng tse di metsi le mo masimong a a noseditsweng.
Tikoloso-jalô ke tsela e e gaisang ya go roba tiko-lwetse, le fa netefatso ya gore dijalo tsa korong di na le dikotla tse di lekaneng go rotloetsa medi e e itekanetseng e tlile go thusa le yona.
Eyespot, Strawbreaker ga golo e ama korong kwa kgaolong ya tshologo-pula ya mariga. Bolwetse bo bontsi thata mo dijalong tse di jadilweng go sale gale mme di tlopetswe monontsha le kwa dikgaolong tse di nang le kelometsi e e bokoa.
Bolwetse bo koafatsa dikala tse di mo letlhakoreng, tse di itsagaleng jaaka tillers, mme bo isa kwa go butsweng ga pele ga nako ga ditsebe, mme seno kwa morago se tlile go dira gore go nne thata go kotula korong. Bo laolwa ka tikoloso-jalô le tiriso ya dibolayamouta.
Translated by Nchema Rapoo