Uvutsiwe, kuhlukana kahle kwemcuna phansi kuyintfo lenhle kakhulu yesimo semhlaba. Kungetetela tintfo letiphilako letincane njengaphethiloli wemhlabatsi letiphilako emhlabatsini, emanutrients etitjalo emhlabatsini phindze kuphucule kugucuka kwemhlabatsi - lesimo lesibonwako semhlabatsi njengembhedze wetinhlanvu kwentela kuhlanyela.
Yini Umcuba Lomuhle
Umcuba lomuhle unetintfo letinsundvu lotopelo ngekuma lapho khona ngisho nakunye kwentintfo letiphilako (njenge kwephuka kweligodvo) akubonakalali.
Kunganuka njengemhlaba noma ‘ngemhlaba welihlatsi’ phindze angeke kube ne ammonia noma kubola. Kumele kube ne pH ya 7 kuya ku 8 kanye nalokutfwele bumantana lobucishe bube ngu 30%; labanye labatiko baphndze bancome kutsi 40 kuya ku 50%.
Lokutfolwa ku Mcuba
Umcuba usita lomhlabatsi kutsi wakhe tigadla. Tigadla nguletintfo temhlabatsi letiphatsa tinshwana letincane temhlabatsi, tintfo letiphila emhlabatsini kanye netintfo letincane temamineral. Letitintfo tiphetse tikhala lapho kungena umoya khona kanye netintfo nemani lokubese kuyagcineka nema nutrients ayagcuka.
Umcuba ungasita kuhlukanisa umhlaba welibumba, ukhulise kugedvuka kwemhaba phindze unciphise kuhlangana kwemhlabatsi.
Umcuba unika lomkhicito tintfo letitfolwa kumagciwane emhlabatsi kanye nekutseleleka. Letitintfo temhlabatsi letincane tichaza tintfo letimcka kutsi tephule kuhlangahlangana kwekuma kwetintfo letincane emcubeni ngendlela yekukhulula lamanutrients lagcineke ngekhatsi kutinfo letiphilako letincane.
Utsi lomcuba angaphuka ngalokuphelele, ihumus, ifulvic levutsiwe kanye ne humic acid, kuyakheka. Lama esidi akhona kwephula kahle imikhicito yemicuba yetintfo letincane. iHumic esidi ihlanganisa lamanutrients etintfo letihlanganisiwe, ikakhulu iron, iyikhulula kancane phindze ichubeke ngetindlela tekutsi letitjalo tingakhona kubamba ngetimphandze. Lawa ema esidi aphindze agucule initrogen, iphosphorus, ipotassium, izinc kanye netintfo letincane letikusitjalo letakhekako kanye nekuncipha kweliswayi leliphakeme emhlabatsini.
Indlela ye Kwakha Umcuba
Dvute netintfo letingito letingasetjentiswa, ngaphandle nangabe tiphatseke kahle phindze ne carbon: kulingana kwe nitrogen (C:N) kuyagadvwa, kusho Amigo Canisano encwadzini yakhe ye Yekulima ngetintfo Letiphilako letincane: Imigomo kanye Nemalungiselelo
.Icarbon lengiyo lekahle: silinganiso se nitrogen noma tintfo letingakavutfwa ngu 30:1 lokuhlangene ne tintfo letiphilako kumele kube yintfo lengaba ku 30:1 Kufana nekutsi, iC:N yetintfo letitimvutfu ngu 511:1 kanye ne C:N yetinkhukhu yamanyolo ingu 7:1. Kahlekahle loku kulungele kiuhlangana lokukahle, kepha lokungeta kwaletintfo madvute na 30:1 (kufana netintfo nelikhula laselwandle - 19:1 kanye ne wheat straw - 128:1) kungaciniseka kutsi kulingane kahle lokuhlangana kwe tintfo letiluhlata.
Sebentisa tintfo letingito letiluhlata. Sigadla setjani, straw kanye nemangcoliso laluhlata laphucula lolokutfwelwse kutintfo letiphila kuletinye temcuba.
Kwengeta 10% wemhlabatsi welibumba kukhulisa lokuma phindze nelitfuli lematje nako kukhulisa imisebenti yetintfo letincane. Ungake wengete ilime noma igypsum kute kubengulapho lomcuba alungele phindze ucinisekile kutsi uphakeme lapho ufutfumele khona.
Umcuba etingadzeni letincane noma etindlini kumele ulandzele imiyalo lefanako ngesikhatsi ukhetselwa tintfo letiluhlata kwentela kuhlanganisa. Hlanganisa titselo letinsha kanye nalokungcolile kwetibhidvo kanye nemaphepha lagayiwe kanye nemhlabatsi wengadze bese uhlanganisa kahle, vuvutela emanti lamancane kwentela kuciniseka ngebumantana lobenele kuze kuphuke lenchubo.
Tinhlobo te Mcuba
Umcuba ungentiwa ngendlela yekushisa noma yekubandza. Lendlela yekushisa nguyona ingumsebenti njengoba ifaka kugulwa kwemcuba kwentela kukhulisa ioxygen. Umcuba loshisako ubulala likhula etinhlavini naku pathogens phindze uphutfumise indlela yekufakwa kwemcuba.
Umcuba wekubandza ufaka umcuba loyintsatjana, lonetigaba tetintfo letiluhlata kulesidvuli. Lenanchubo ingatsatsa ngetulu kwemnyaka kutsi iphelele, kepha kwengeta le inoculum lesicalo setintfo letiphilako kiso letincane kungakhulisa lomcuba.
Ngekwenta umcuba losetjentiselwa lapho kuhlala lokungcolile khona, lokungenisa umoya noma emafeni ayasetjentiswa kwentela kukhulisa indlela yemoya kulesidvuli semcuba. Umcuba we vermi usetjentiswa etibungwini kwentela kubulala letintfo letingcolile letiphilako.
Tintfo teMcuba
iCarbon-levutsiwe ngetintfo letiluhlata letingentiwa umcuba kufaka tigogo, tintfo letakhiwe ngemaphepha, emabhokisi, tistraw, tintfo letincane tetigodvo, isawdust, emakhambi, kotini, umcuba we fireplace, lokuncutsiwe, tjani lobomisiwe kanye nemacembe.
iNitrogen-levutsiwe yetitntfo temcuba ifaka ingati, tinwele ne boya, manyolo wetilwane, emangcoliso aku sewage, tjani lobusha kanye nemacembe, titselo letinsha kanye netibi tetibhidvo, kwekuvala titjalo letiluhlata, lukhula loluselusha, lukhula lwelwandle, kwekubamba lokujutjiwe, nalokunye lokuningi.
Caphela tintfo letingakhanga timphungane kanye netilwane letidla letinye, ikakhulu ngekuchaza, tidvuli temcbuba letincane. Ungasebentisi emacephe enyama, emalahle laphuma nakubasiwe noma lawa ekutsengwa esitolo, emangcoliso etilwane letincane, titjalo letinemagciwane, emafutsa kanye na oyili.
Emangcoliso esewage kanye nalokuphushukile kungatfwala tintfo letisindzako kanye nemapathogens. Ciniseka kutsi umcuba lophelile uyahlolwa ebhorethrwi ngaphambi kwekutsi usetjentiswe etitjalweni letidliwako.
Translated by Phindile Malotana