Kunemakhulu etinhlobo temakhowe lahlanyelwe (ngetulu kwetinhlobo letingetulu kwa 50) letitfolakala emhlabeni jikelele kepha kukhicitwa kwemakhowe laseNingizimu Afrika kugcile kuphela etinhlobeni letimbalwa letidliwako. Tinhlobonhlobo letikhictzwa kakhulu yi-shiitake yemakhowe, yenta ngetulu kwa 20% yemkhicito wemhlaba, kakhulu eChina.
E-Ningizimu Afrika, incumbi (cishe 90%) lomkhicito lohlanyelwe licukethe likinobho lelimhlophe, emakhowe lansundu (cremini) nemakhowe lansundu (portobello noma iportabello), wonkhe asuka emndenini wase Agaricus. Cishe 8 - 10% yemaketse yekutsengiselana yemakhowe latsengiswako inemakhowe angaphandle, kufaka ekhatsi emakhowe eoyster (Pleurotus spp), ishimeji ne-shiitake (Lentinula spp).
I-Botanically, i-portobello noma i-portabello ne crimini yemakhowe (aphindze abitwe ngekutsi yi portabellini) ngemakhowe lafanako. Emakhowe lamakhulu lansundu atsengiswa njengema portobellos makhulu njengema gill avulekile amnyama. Lawa emakhowe avutsiwe we crimini. Tinsimbi te criminis / iportabellinis leyentiwe sakhiwe ivalwe 'ngesikhumba se mushroom' noma iveyili. Kukhombisa kutsi ivutsiwe. Etintfweni te Agaricus, ticu letindze nekutfungwa kwesipanji kusho kuthi emakhowe sekagugile.
Emakhowe Angaphandle
Kukhicitwa kwemakhowe angaphandle eNingizimu Afrika kusekuncane (nga 2019) kepha sidzingo se shiitake ne King oyster senta kukhicita kwenyuke. Lokuhle ngaloku kutsi kwangenisa imali kanye netempilo talawa makhowe angaphandle noma ema 'gourmet' enta bapheki kutsi bawafake ekudleni kwabo baphindze futsi banikele ngako njengaletinye tindlela tenyama ekudleni kwebantfu labangayidli inyama.
Inkapane lenkhulu levuliwe eFree E, eSasolburg eMpumalanga nga 2017 ngiyo lekhicita emakhowe, ikakhulu lihlobo king oyster, shiitake kanye nalamanye lamanyenti. Umkhicito walamakhowe ngelilanga kutsiwa usukela ku 3 kuya ku 5 tonnes ngelilanga.
Emakhowe Esiganga
Bantfu labadzandza emakhowe banekukha emakhowe esiganga ladliwako, laphindze atsengiswe etindzaweni tasemakhaya. Umuntfu lowati kakhulu nge’fungi’ yaseCapetonian, Gary Goldmann, utsi emakhowe ladliwako ngulawa; bay ne poplar boletus, porcini ne wood Blewitt.
Emakhowe Emutsi Lolaphako
Sihloko semakhowe ekwelapha sikhulu futsi singafaka futsi kusebentiswa kwemakhowe langacondzile kutsi adliwe emasikweni ngekwemoya ngekwemasiko. Ngentansi kukhulunywa kancane ngemakhowe lambalwa ladliwako netintfo letikahle ngawo.
Emakhowe asetjentiswe emakhulu eminyaka leminyenti yesintfu futsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi kuvete kutsi bantfu bekuvahamba base Western kutsi emakhowe amnandzi futsi anemphilo.
Sibonelo sinye (iHericium erinaceus) leyatiwa ngekuthi yi yamabushitake noma satry’s beard. I-Mane's kudla lokwatiwayo kanye nemutsi wekulapha lokufundzwako futsi lakhutsatwako kukhula kwenhlitiyo lokucuketse ierinacine kanye ne erinacine A. Omabili la ma ejenti akahle anciphisa tifo letinyenti.
Letinye tintfo letiletsa kuphila letita nemakhowe tifaka ekhatsi kuvikela sifo semdlavuza wemabele. Emakhowe eOyster enta kutsi ungabi netifo letifaka ekhatsi i-’cholesterol’. Emakhowe eShiilate nawo ivikela tifo letinyenti letifaka ekhatsi sifo semdlavuso.
Chaphela:
Loku lokubhalwe lana kwentelwe kufundzisa nekutsi ube nelwati kuphela, afufanelekile kutsi ukusebentise ngekutsi lwati ladokotela noma letemphilo. Lelilwati akufaneli kutsatswe njengencwadzi ya dokotela.
Translated by Thandokuhle Motha