Kunemihlobo emakhulukhulu elinywako yamakhowe (imihlobo engaphezulu kuka-50) etholakala ngaphetjheya kodwana umkhiqizo wamakhowe eSewula Afrika uqalisisa kwaphela imihlobo eembalwa ethengiselwa abathengi abakhona. Umhlobo okhiqizwa khulu makhowe we-shiitake, enza umkhiqizo wephasi loke ongaphezulu kuka 20%, khulukhulu e-China.
E-Sewula Afrika, intundu (engaba yi-90%) yomkhiqizo olinyiweko ifakahlangana amakhowe womhlobo we-white button, brown button mushroom (cremini) kunye ne-brown mushrooms (portobello nofana i-portabello), zoke ngeze-genus Agaricus. I-8-10% yamarhwebo wamamakethe athengisa amakhowe inama-exotic mashrooms, kufaka hlangana amakhowe wama-oyster (Pleurotus spp), shimeji kunye ne-shiitake (Lentinula spp).
Ngokuya ngokwesayentsi yeenthombo ezimilako, i-portobello nofana i-portabello kunye ne- crimini mushrooms (ebizwa nange-portabellini) mhlobo munye. Amakhowe amakhulu azotho athengiswa njengama-portobellos makhulu begodu aneembobo ezikulu ezinzima ezivulekileko iifesi eziphefumula ngazo. Lokhu makhowe avuthiweko abizwa nge-crimini mushrooms. Iimbobo ezinizama ezivulekileko iimfezi eziphefumula ngazo zama-button-shaped criminis/portabellinis zizele isikhumba samakhowe nofana isigubuzeso. Lokhu kutjengisa ukukhula; amakhowe asele amadala akanaso isigubuzeso eembobeni ezinzima ezivulekileko iimfesi eziphefumula ngazo. Ubufretjhi, bona buvezwa kuqina. Emihlobeni ye-Agaricus spesies, iziqu ezide nezipotozekako nawuzibambako zitjengisa amakhowe angasifretjhi.
Amakhowe A-Exotic
Umkhiqizo wamakhowe a-exotic akhiqizelwa ukuthengiswa eSewula Afrika usesemncani (2019) kodwana isidingo sokuthengwa kwe-shiitake nama-king oyster sikhulisa umkhiqizo. Umnambitho omnandi kunye nenzuzo kwezepilo kwamakhowe lawa a-exotic kwenza ama-chefs awafake ekudleni abakuphekako begodu nangaphandle kwalokhu asetjenziswa njengenyama babantu abangadli inyama.
Ifektri ekulu ekhulisa amakhowe a-exotic, i-Free E, yavulwa eSasolburg eMpumalanga ngo-2017, inikela itjhejo khulu ekukhiqizeni amakhowe we-King oyster, i-shiitake kunye ne-brown ne-white shimeji. Umthamo womkhiqizo uvamise ukuba yi-3 - 5 yamathani qobe langa.
Amakhowe Wehlathini
Abathandi bamakhowe bakha amakhowe wehlathini adliwako esikhathini esinengi athengiswa emamakethe wabalimi abasesebancani. Isazi se-Capetonian fungi, u-Gary Goldmann, siveza bona imihlobo edliwako yamakhowe ethandwa khulu ifakahlangana i-bay kunye ne-poplar boletus, porcini ne-wood Blewitt.
Amakhowe Asihlahla Sokulapha
Isihloko esimayelana neenhlahla zokulapha zamakhowe ngeside khulu begodu singafaka hlangana ukusetjenziswa kwamakhowe angadliwako ukwenza imisebenzi yamasiko neyomoya. Ngaphasi kuvezwe kancani amakhowe ambalwa adliwako kunye nenzuzo yawo ekulapheni izifo.
Amakhowe sekasetjenziswe iminyaka eminengi eenhlahleni ze-folk begodu ukukhula kwabakhambi beTjingalanga aphetha sekawathandelwa ubumnandi nenzuzo yawo. Sinye isibonelo yi-Hericium erinaceus) ebuye yaziwe nge-yamabushitake nofana i-satyr’s beard. I-Lion’s mane kukudla okwaziwa khulu begodu likhowe elisihlahla elifundwako neliphakanyiselwa amafekthara walo akhulisa imizwa limumethe i-erinacine - kunye ne-erinacine A. Womabili lama-agents angehlisa izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamalwelwe akhambelana nobuqopho afana ne-Parkinson’s disease kunye ne-Alzheimer’s disease belivikele umzimba ebulwelweni bokufa ihlangothi nokugandeleleka komkhumbulo.
Ezinye iinzuzo zamakhowe epilweni zitholakala emakhoweni adliwako kufakahlangana ukuvikela nokulapha ikankere yamabele ngokukhuphula ihlelo lokuvikela umzimba ezifeni (amakhowe we-turkey tail). Amakhowe we-oyster angehlisa amazinga we-cholesterol bese kuthi amakhowe we-reishi arhelebhe ekulawuleni amazinga weswigiri egazini nekutjhugululeni ihlelo lomzimba elilwa nezifo. Amakhowe we-shiitake asebenza kuhle khulu njengokudla okwehlisa ukuvuvuka. Okhunye, i-lentinan content eku-shiitake irhelebha ekupholiseni ama-chromosome amotjhekileko abangelwa kulatjhwa kwekankere.
Yelela:
Ilwazeli linikelwa ukufundisa kunye nokupha ilwazi kwaphela begodu malingasetjenziswa njengesiyeleliso sezepilo nofana njengokudla okufaneleko. Ilwazeli alikenzelwa ukujamiselela isiyeleliso sabodorhodere nofana ukwelatjhwa okunikelwa zizazi zezepilo.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana