Kunamakhulu ezinhlobo zamakhowe otshaliwe (ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-50) ezitholakala emhlabeni jikelele kepha ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe laseNingizimu Afrika kugxile kuphela ezimbotsheni ezimbalwa zokuhlinzekela isisekelo sabathengi abahlelekile. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizwa kakhulu yi-shiitake amakhowe, enza ngaphezu kwe-20% yokukhiqizwa komhlaba, ikakhulukazi eChina.
E-Ningizimu Afrika, inqwaba (cishe ama-90%) omkhiqizo otshaliwe iqukethe inkinobho emhlophe, amakhowe ansundu (cremini) namakhowe ansundu (i-portobello noma i-portabello), wonke angamalungu wohlobo lwe-Agaricus. Cishe i-8 - 10% yemakethe yezentengiselwano yamakhowe athengiswayo inamakhowe angaphandle, kufaka phakathi amakhowe e-oyster (Pleurotus spp), i-shimeji ne-shiitake (Lentinula spp).
Ngokwemvelo, amakhowe e-portobello ne-crimini (abizwa nangokuthi yi-portabellini) ayikhowe efanayo. Amakhowe amakhulu ansundu athengiswa njengama-portobellos makhulu ngama-gill avulekile amnyama. Lawa amakhowe avuthiwe we-crimini. Izinsimbi ze-criminis/i-portabellinis eyenziwe sakhiwe inkinobho imbozwe 'ngesikhumba se-mushroom' noma iveli. Kuyinkomba yokuvuthwa; akukhoveli ye-gill - i-mushroom endala. Ukutsha, nokho, kunqunywa ngokuqina. Ezintweni ze-Agaricus, iziqu ezinde kanye nokuthungwa kwesiponji kusho ukuthi amakhowe awusha.
Amakhowe Angajwayelekile
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe ama-exotic eNingizimu Afrika kusekuncane (ngo-2019) kepha isidingo se-shiitake ne-king oyster senza kukhiqizwe ukwanda. Ubuhle obuphakeme nezinzuzo zezempilo zalawa amakhowe 'e-exotic' noma ama-'gourmet' ashukumisela abapheki ukuthi bawufake kakhudlwana ezitsheni zabo futhi baphinde banikele njengezinye izindlela zenyama ekudleni kwama-imifino kanye nama-vegan.
Ifektri enkulu ekhiqiza amakhowe exotic ekhulayo, iFree E, yavulwa eSasolburg eMpumalanga ngonyaka ka-2017, ibhekele ukwenziwa kwamakhosi ama-oyster, ama-shiitake kanye namakhowe ansundu namhlophe ama-shimeji. Amavolumu wokukhiqiza kuthiwa angama-3 - 5 amathani ngosuku.
Amakhowe Asendle
Abathandi be-Mushroom babuye bathathe amakhowe edliwayo adliwayo avame ukuthengiswa ezimakethe zabalimi abangahlelekile. Isazi sesikhunta seCapetonia, uGary Goldmann, siphawula izinhlobo ezidumile zamakhowe ukufaka i-bay ne-poplar boletus, i-porcini kanye nezinkuni iBlewitt.
Amakhowe Emithi
Isihloko samakhowe wezokwelapha sikhulu futhi singafaka futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe angahlosiwe emasikweni angokomoya nawamasiko. Ngezansi kukhulunywa kafushane ngamakhowe ambalwa adliwayo nezinzuzo zawo ngokuya ngezifo.
Amakhowe asetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka emithini yesintu futhi ngokuhamba okuningayo kuveze abahambi baseNtshonalanga ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo zezinhlobo zamakhowe endabuko zaseMpumalanga.
Isibonelo esisodwa esinjengalesi (Hericium erinaceus) owaziwa nangokuthi yi-yamabushitake noma intshebe kaSathane. I-mane's mane iwukudla okwaziwayo kanye no-amakhambi okwelapha afundwayo futhi akhuthazelwa ukukhula kwenhliziyo okuyiqukethe - i-erinacine - kanye ne-erinacine A. Womabili la ma-ejenti angahle anciphise izifo zokuwohloka kobuchopho njengesifo sikaParkinson nesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye Vikela umzimba ekushayweni nasekuxinekeni.
Ezinye izinzuzo zezempilo ezibangelwa amakhowe adliwayo zifaka phakathi ukuvikela kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza webele ngokunyusa impendulo yokuzivikela (i-turkey umsila we-mushroom). Amakhowe e-Oyster anganciphisa amazinga we-cholesterol yegazi nama-reishi amakhowe asiza ukulawulwa kwamazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokuguqulwa kwamasosha omzimba. Ikhowe le-shiitake lihle njengokudla okulwa nokuvuvukala. Futhi, okuqukethwe i-lentinan kuma-shiitake kusiza ukuphulukisa ukulimala kwe-chromosome okubangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza.
Ngicela uqaphele:
Imininingwane yenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa nezolwazi kuphela futhi angeke ithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha noma sokudla. Imininingwane ayihloselwe ukufaka esikhundleni izeluleko zezokwelashwa noma ukwelashwa okunikezwa ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza