Kuna madzana dzana ya tinxaka ta swikowa leswi byariwaka (kutlula 50 wa tinxaka) leti kumekaka emisaveni hinkwayo kambe vuhumelerisi bya laha Afrika Dzonga byi langute ngopfu eka tinxaka tintsongo leti phakeriwaka eka vatirhisi vantsongo. Muxaka lowu humelerisiwaka ngopfu i shiitake, lowu endlaka kutlula 20% wa vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo, ngopfu ngopfu e China.
E Afrika Dzonga, totala (kwalomu ka 90%) ta vuhumelerisi lebyi byariwaka byi katsa white button, brown button (cremini) xikan’we na brown (portobello kumbe portabello), leswi hinkwaswo swiwelaka eka ndyangu wa Agaricus. Kwalomu ka 8 - 10% wa timakete leti xavisaka swikowa tina muxaka wa swikowa swa exotic, kukatsa na swikowa swa oyster (Pleurotus spp), shimeji na shiitake (Lentinula spp).
Botanically, portobello kumbe portabello na crimini (leswi vuriwaka portabellini) I swikowa leswi fanaka. Leswikulu swa buraweni swixavisiwa tani hiti portobellos letinga tikulu titlhela tiva na laha kunga dzwihala kopfuleka. Leswi kuva kuri swikowa leswi vupfeke swa muxaka wa crimini. Ti gills ta leswa muxaka wa button swati criminis/portabellinis swipfutseriwe hi ‘mushroom skin’ kumbe veil. Leswi swikombeta kukula; loko veil yingari kona eka ti gills - swikowa leswikulu. Vu furexe, hambiswiritano, byi vonaka hiku tiyela. Eka muxaka wa Agaricus, tshindi ro leha xikan’we na xivumbeko xa xiponci swikombisa leswaku swikowa sweswo aswi furexe.
Swikowa swa Exotic
Vuhumelerisi byo xavisa bya swikowa swa exotic e Afrika Dzonga byahari byintsongo swinene (2019) kambe swilaveko swa shiitake na king oyster swihlohletela vuhumelerisi lebyi tlakukaka. Nantswo lowu wo hlawuleka xikan’we na mbuyelo wa swarihanyo wa swikowa leswi swa ‘exotic’ kumbe ‘gourmet’ swihlohletela leswaku vasweki va swikatsa ngopfu eka swakudya swa vona xikan’we naku switirhisa tani hi swiyimela nyama eka vanhu lavanga dyeki nyama.
Feme leyikulu leyi byalaka swikowa swa exotic, Free E, yipfuriwile e Sasolburg e Mpumalanga hi 2017, leyi langutiseke ngopfu eka ku humelerisiwa ka king oyster, shiitake xikan’we na swikowa swa buraweni na swobasa swa shimeji. Nhlayo ya vuhumelerisi yivikiwa kuva yiri eka 3 - 5 wati tonnes hi siku.
Swikowa Swale Nhoveni
Varhandzi va swikowa va kha na swikowa leswi dyekaka swale nhoveni leswi talaka ku xavisiwa eka timakete toka tinga tsarisiwangi ta van’wamapurasi. Mutivi nkulu wa fungi, wale Capetonian, Gary Goldmann, u tekela enhlokweni leswaku tinxaka ta swikowa tandhuma leti dyiwaka tikatsa bay na poplar boletus, porcini na wood Blewitt.
Swikowa swa Vutshunguri
Nhloko-mhaka ya swikowa swotshungula yi anamile swinene naswona swinga tlhela swikatsa kutirhisiwa na swikowa leswinga dyiweki leswi tirhisiwaka eka mintirho ya ximoya kumbe ya xintu. Leswinga laha hansi i nkombiso wuntsongo wa swikowa leswi dyiwaka xikan’we na mbuyelo kuya hi mavabyi.
Swikowa switirhisiwile kuringana malembe lawa yotala tani hi murhi wotshungula xikan’we naku tlakuka ka vupfhumba swi endle leswaku vapfhumba vaxi Western va kuma nantswo xikan’we na mbuyelo wa ndzhavuko wa tinxaka ta swikowa swa xi Eastern.
Xikombiso xin’wana i (Hericium erinaceus) leyi tlhelaka yitiveka tani hi yamabushitake kumbe satyr’s beard. Lion’s mane i swakudya leswi tivekaka kahle naswona tani hi swikowa swa vutshunguri leswinga ku dyondziweni kutani switlakusiwa kuva leswipfunetaka eka kukurisa misiha hikuva tiri na-erinacine - xikan’we na erinacine A. Hi vumbirhi ka swona swinga nonokisa mavabyi ya degenerative neurological yofana na Parkinson’s disease na Alzheimer xikan’we naku sirhelela miri eka kuva wuva na stroke na depression.
Mimbuyelo yin’wana ya rihanyo yikatsiwaka na swikowa leswi dyiwaka yikatsa nsirhelelo eka xikan’we naku tshungula fukuzani ya vele hikuva yi tlakusa matirhelo ya masocha ya miri (turkey tail mushroom). Swikowa swa Oyster swinga hunguta nhlayo ya cholesterol eka ngati kutani swikowa swa reishi swipfuneta ku lawula nhlayo ya glucose eka ngati xikan’we naku tshamisekisa masocha ya miri. Swikowa swa shiitake swikahle swinene tani hi swakudya swa anti-inflammatory. Xikan’we, vukona bya lentinan eka shiitakes swipfuneta ku horisa kuvaviseka kati chromosome leswi vangiwaka hiku tshungula fukuzani.
Tiva leswaku:
Vuxokoxoko lebyi I byo dyondzisa xikan’we naku lemukisa ntsena kutani byingaka byinga tekiwi tani hi switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe swa swakudya. Vuxokoxoko lebyi abyi kongomisiwangi kuva byi teka xivandla xa switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe vutshunguri lebyi phakeriwaka hi vativi lava tokoteke va swavutshunguri.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni