Emakhiwa, ngumanye etitselo lamadzala mhlabawonkhe, ahlanyelwa eNingizimu Afrika entelwa kakhullu kwakha jamu kanye nekomiswa, kepha ngemnyaka wa 2000, emakhiwa lalungelwe kulinyelwa kuhanjiswa njengetitselo letilungele kudliwa, ahlanyelwa.
Emakhiwa lamasha adzinga kuhlala eshelufini lwemphilo cishe liviki kwentela kuvumela kuhanjiswa, abe emakhiwa ekomiswa alungela kuhlanyelwa etigodzini letomile tase Ningizimu Afrika.
Emakhiwa etinhlobo kusukela kulamancane nalacishe abeyindingilizi leya ku pear lenkhulu kuya kusimo sa ‘bhanana wemakhiwa’,
Emabala emakhiwa angahambela kusuka kumnyaaka nenyama lebovu lotopele kuya kumtfubi loluhlata napinki lohhwabile kuya kunyama lemhlophe.
Lamagama emakhiwa lahlanyelwako angakuphambanisa ngenca yetinhlobo letatiwa ngaphansi kwemagama lehlukene emaveni lahlukene. Kungabakhona langaba maningi ngemagama lamakhulu lasikhombisa kepha ayafana. Lamanya alamakhiwa entsengo achazeka ngalokulandzelako:
Emakhiwa – Lancama Lamnyama
Umkhumbi wase Ningizimu Afrika wemakhiwa yi Parisian/Evita. Yinhlobo lekunguyona ihlanyelwa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Lesitselo lesincane kuya emkhatsini sinesikhumba lesilukhwebeletana nenyama lebovu nelizinga lelihle lekudliwa kanye nemphilo yelishelufa lekahle.
Emakhiwa eRonde de Bordeaux laphindze atiwe ngekutsi yi ‘Eve’, akhicita emakhiwa etinatfo ekungeneni kwesikhatsi. Letinye tinhlanyelo, emahekitha lamane langatfolwa ePorteville.
Yinye yetinhlobo temakhiwa lahlanyelwa eNingizimu Afrika ngulelebamba muva-yelinani lelisemkhatsini ‘Adam’. Lenhlobo inesikhumba lesilukhwebeletana kanye nenyama lebovu-lotopele. Adam likhiwa lelihle lelidliwako leliphindze lilungele komiswa kepha alihambi kahle.
Ayafana ngekubukeka kepha nesikhumba lesibovu-lotopele, le ‘Black Genoa’ ivutfwa kucala kune Adam’ futsi itsatfwa ngelikhiwa lesikhatsi lesisemkhatsini.
iTangiers’ likhiwa lelidzala lelinekuvela lokuhle kanye nemphilo yaseshelufini. Alungele komiswa. Lenanhlobo ihlanyelwa ePiketberg, Hermon, Napier na Prince Albert.
Likhiwa lesikhatsi sekugcina nenyama leshonako lebovu, ‘Inkhosi’ ikhokha emakhiwa lamancane, lokungachubela ekugedvukeni. Kuhlanyelwa kuse Worcester, Ladismith ne Oudtshoorn.
‘Black Mission’ inesikhumba lesilukhwebeletana lomnyama nenyama lebovu kanye nekuvelela lokuhle kakhulu.
Le ‘Cape Black’ ikhokha emakhiwa lamancane layindingilizi lanesikhumba lesimunyama nenyama lemhlophe. Lebamba ngekusindza, ngujamu lowatiwako futsi ukhicitwa nesikhumba.
Le libala lelikhakhi ‘Cape Brown’ nguyinye yemakhiwa lamadzala eNingizimu Afrika futsi ibonakala malula ngeluhlangga lokudze. Lingujamu lodliwako kakhulu kanye nelikhiwa.
Lelikhiwa lelidliwa kakhulu ‘Brown Turkey’ imakethwa njengelikhiwa lelisha futsi likhokhwa eTurke, eUSA nase Israel.
Emakhiwa – Lakhanyako Ngesikhumba
‘Calimyrna’ likhiwa lelimhlophe lelinenyama futsi latiwa kakhulu kutsi lisetjentiselwa komiswa eTurkey nase USA. Ngenca ngekuhlangahlangana ngekuvundza, alikalungeli kulinyelwa kutsengiswa eNingizimu Afrika.
Kuluhlata kakhulu, kuna lukhwebeletana, ‘Dauphine’ ikhokha likhiwa lelikhulu le breba lelinesisindvo lesifika ku 240 gm. Lenhlobo, eNingizimu Afrika, ihlanyelwa eNapier lese Overberg.
Lokuncane kanye nekuvutfwa kwasekucaleni ‘Cape White’ yinhlobo lendzala yelikhiw eNiningizimu Afrika. Inesikhumba lesiluhlata kanye nenyama lepinki. Iyatiwa ekusebentisweni kujamu.
Le ‘Kodota’ yesikhumba lesiluhlata inenyama lemhlophe kuya kupinki futsi iyanongotela. ‘Kodoka’ ingadliwa phindze yakheke sikhumba futsi ivunwa ekungeneni nasemkhatsini wesikhatsi sayo.
Lesikhumba lesiluhlata ‘White Genoa’ likhiwa lelatiwako ngekuvunwa kwayo futsi isetjentiswa kujamu.
Iletfwa eNingizimu Afrika yi Agricultural Research Council Infruitec (Khansela weLucwalingo lweTekulima) ‘Deanna’ yintfo lenkhulu letfwala likhiwa lelikhulu lelimtfutshana losaluhlata. Ikhokha emakhiwa lanenyama lekahle kakhulu yelizinga lelidliwako, inemphilo lendze yekuhlala eshelufini utsi ilungele komiswa najamu.
Translated by Phindile Malotana