Kulima ema truffle eNingizimu Afrika kusekuncane kodwva kuyakhula, kugcile ekukhicitweni kwema truffles lamnyama lamanyenti aseFrance lahambisana netihlahla Te oki. Yibhizinisi yekulima lekunebuchwephesha lobudzinga simo selitulu lesipholile, tihlahla te-oki letingafakwanga, kubeketela netinja leticeceshiwe.
Alinywa njani emaTruffles
Kuhlakulela ema truffles kuya ngebuchwepheshe lobukhona bekungenisa tihlahla tekuhlanganisa ngetinhlamvu te’fungus’ ye truffle, letenteka ngephansi kwetimo letinakekelwe kakhulu.
Kute ukhone kukhulisa ema truffles futsi usungule i-truffière (umhlabatsi lapho ukhulisa khona ema truffles) simo selitulu kufanele sibe kahle. E-Ningizimu Afrika, ema-truffles angahlanyelwa kuphela etindzaweni letibandza ngalokufanelekile; sibonelo sekushisa sasemini nasebusuku (ebusika) kufanele kube ngu 8°C. Tifundza letikahle tindzawo letifana neWestern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Dullstroom / Machadadorp nasetindzaweni letidvute neClarens.
Ema truffles angalinywa kunoma nguliphi lihlobo lemhlabatsi, kepha umhlabatsi lohambisa kahle emanti ngiwo lohamba phambili. I-pH yemhlabatsi kufanele iguculwe ibe ngu 7.9 kanye nokunisela (kufakwa ungakahlanyeli) kudzinga kwengeta ivula ekutfolakaleni kwemanti lokufika ku 4 000 kuya ku-6 000 m3 ngemnyaka.
Titfombo tetihlahla letitsite (letihambisana netinhlobo letitsite tama truffles atokhuleaa endzaweni) tifakwe kuhlanganiswa nema-truffle spores, letitinhlanyelo te’fungi’. Titfombo tivele tivunyelwe kutsi tikhule kwetokucumana letihlobile.
Emuva kwetinyanga letingu 18 kuhlanganiswe tihlahla te truffle tindluliselwa etitselweni futsi lokungenani leminye iminyaka lemine itodlula ngaphambi kwekuba kuvunwe ema truffles edvuze netimpandze tetihlahla.
E-Ningizimu Afrika, kusetjentiswa tihlahla te-oki tesiNgisi netihlala tisentjetiselwa kulima ema truffle. Ngekusho kwa Volker Miros waseWoodford Truffles, tihlahla te-hazel atisasetjetiswa. 'Noma tikhicita ekuqaleni ema truffles, incubo yekususa isucker (likhula) lenta umsebenti lomunyenti'.
Ngalokujwayelekile, ema truffle akhicita kusukela ku 28 kg kuya ku 39 kg kuli hectare linye eEurope, kepha uma indlela yekulima yentiwe yama sezingeni lelikahle, sivuno singafika ku 120 kg/ha.
Titselo tetihlahla taseNingizimu Afrika tisetincane futsi kulinganisa kuphansi. Sivuno se truffles lesilindzelekile netitselo letendlulile ativamisile kubikwa, kepha umlimi loyedwva waseNingizimu Afrika ukhiphe kutsi silinganiso sakhe singu 100 kg nga 2020. Loku cishe kungama 5 - 10 kg kuli hectare ngalinye.
Kuvuna emaTruffles
Ema truffles avunwa ngetigaba letincane, emuva kweminyaka lemine ihlanyelwe, kepha tikhona tindlela tekunciphisa lesi sikhatsi, kusho umnumzane Miros. Kuvuna lokungu 90 kg kuya ku 120 kg / ha ngemnyaka wemashumi kubukwa ngekutsi ngiyo leletse imali.
Ema truffles lamnyama ePérigord avunwa phakatsi kwaJuni na August eNingizimu Afrika. Ema Truffles lavutsiwe futsi lalungele kuvunwa lapho sekamunyama futsi la warty ngaphandle futsi lanendawo lekhanyako ngekhatsi.
Inja lececeshiwe iyiswa engadzini yetitselo futsi ihambisane nemoya kute ikhiphe ema truffles, aniketa liphunga lelijwayelekile le umami lelikhuphuka emhlabatsini. Esikhatsini lesendlulile, kwakusebentiswa tingulube, kepha loku akusengiyo intfo lejwayelekile njengoba batimisele kakhulu kudla iTruffles.
Ema truffles abese agubwa ngesandla emhlabatsini. Ema Truffles atfolakala ngephansi kwemhlabatsi kuya ku 40 cm, kuye ngekutsi ngumhlabatsi lonjani, ngekusho kwa Volker Miros wase Woodford Truffles eHout Bay.
Bakhiciti beTruffle eSouthern Hemisphere (njenge South Africa, Chile nase Australia) bahambisa iTruffle bayiyise eEurope ngelihlobo lase Northern Hemisphere, lapho khona kukhicitwa kwema truffle kukuncane eEurope.
Kugcina Nekudla emaTruffles
Uma agcinwe ku 4°C, li truffle lingahlala emalanga langu 18. Kepha liyaphelelwa bunandzi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi.
EmaTruffles esikhatsini lesinyenti adliwa alihlata; afakwe ku Pasta, noma ku Pizza, noma ku risottos noma kuhlanganiswa nema sauces ekudleni lokushisako. liTruffle lelimnyama iBurgundy ngilo lelidleka kahle liphekiwe.
Bantfu labadla emakhowe bayacwayiswa kutsi bafundze kahle lokubhalwe ngaphandle kwentfo lephetse emakhowe. Uma ibhalwe kutsi ‘truffle flavour’ akusiwo wona mbhambha. EmaTruffles akavani nekuhlanganiswa nemaChemical, ifuna kuhlanganiswa nemakhowe eShiitake.
Translated by Thandokuhle Motha