Vurimi byati truffle eAfrika Dzonga hilebyi byahaku tumbulukaka naswona byileku kuleni, laha ku langutisiwaka ngopfu eka ti truffles ta ntima ta xi french. Ti truffles ta ntima ta xi french ti fambelanisiwa na nsinya wa oak. Vurimi lebyi byi lava switirhisiwa swotala swinene leswi lavaka na maxelo yo hola misinya ya inoculated ya oak, ku lehisa mbilu xikan’we na timbyana leti leteriweke to nuhetela.
Ndlela yo Rima ti Truffles
Kurimiwa kati truffles swiya hi thekinoloji leyinga kona yaku kota ku rhurhela misinya leyi kotaka ku rhurhela ti truffle fungus, leswi humelelaka eka swiyimo leswi lawuriwaka.
Ku byala ti truffles xikan’we naku endla nsimu yo byalela ti truffles (truffière) maxelo yafanele kuva lawa yanga lulamela. E Afrika Dzonga, ti truffles tinga byariwa ntsena eka tindzhawu leti titimelaka ku ringana; maxelo yale xikarhi ya nhlekani na vusiku (hi xixika) ya fanele kuva eka 8°C. Tindzhawu leti lulameleke tikatsa Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Dullstroom/Machadadorp xikan’we nale Clarens.
Muxaka wihi na wihi wa misava wu lulamerile ku byala ti truffles, kambe misava leyi tswongaka kahle mati ayi fanelanga ku phikizana hi yona. pH ya misava yifanele kuva yi lulamisiwa yiva eka 7.9 naswona swo ncheleta (swifanele ku nghenisiwa kungase byariwa) swifanele ku pfuneta mpfula leyinaka leswaku kuta kumeka mati lawa yanga exikarhi ka 4 000 kuya eka 6 000 m3 hi lembe.
Swimilani swa misinya yokarhi (leswi fambelanaka na muxaka wokarhi wati truffles letingata byariwa eka ndzhawu yaleyo) swi sawutisiwa hiti truffle spores, leswi kunga mbewu ya fungi. Mbewu kutani yi pfumeleriwa ku mila eka sterile media.
Kwalomu ka 18 wa tinhweti ta nsawutiso, misinya yati ‘truffle’ ya simuriwa yiya byariwa exirhapeni naswona kuta hundza mune wa malembe kungase tshoveriwa ti truffles ekusuhi na timintsu ta misinya.
E Afrika Dzonga, English naleyi yotshama yiri rihlaza ya oak ya tirhisiwa eka vurimi byati truffle. Kuya hi Volker Miros kusuka e Woodford Truffles, misinya yati hazel ayaha tirhisiwi manguva lawa. ‘Hambi leswi yi humelerisaka ti truffles hiku hatlisa, maendlelo yati sucker removal (swirhabyani leswi milaka laha tshindini ra nsinya) swivanga ntirho wotala swinene.’
Hi ntolovelo, mimbuyelo yati truffles e Europe yingava exikarhi ka 28 na 39 kg hi hectare, kambe hi marimelo lawa ya natswisiweke xikan’we na vulawuri, mbuyelo wunga fika eka 120 kg/ha.
Swirhapa swati truffle swa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga swahari swintsongo naswona mpimanyiso wahari ehansi. Mbuyelo lowu languteriweke wati truffles xikan’we na mbuyelo lowu hundzeke aswi talanga ku vikiwa, kuriku un’wana wa van’wamapurasi va tiko ra Afrika Dzonga u hlamuserile hi kulangutela ka yena ka kwalomu ka 100 kg eka lembe ra 2020. Leswi swi kwalomu ka 5 - 10 kg hi hectare.
Ku Tshovela ti Truffles
Ti trufflestitshoveriwa hi nhlayo leyintsongo swinene kwalomu ka mune wa malembe endzhaku ko byariwa ka misinya, kambe kuna maendlelo yan’wana eka vurimi lebyi lawa ya komisaka nkarhi lowu, ku amukela Mr Miros. ‘Ntshovelo wa 90 kuya eka 120 kg/ha eka lembe ravu khume wutekiwa tani hintshovelo wa kahle swinene naswona wa vuyerisa.’
Muxaka wa ntima wati Périgord truffles wutshoveriwa exikarhi ka June na August e Afrika Dzonga. Ti truffles tivupfile naswona tiva ti lulamele ntshovelo loko tiri ta ntima naswona tiva tikombisa kuva na misiha leyi vonikelaka leyingana swimbhovani swantima.
Mbyana leyi leteriweke yi tekiwa yiya exirhapeni kutani yi famba ku hambana na moya yi nuhetela ti truffles, leswi swihumesaka nuhelo wokarhi wa umami lowu humaka eka misava. Khale, aku tirhisiwa tinguluve, kambe masiku lawa aswaha endliwi hikuva tinguluve titala ku lava ku dya ti truffles.
Ti truffles ti ceriwa kunene hivoko kusuka emisaveni. Ti truffles tiva tiri kwalomu ka 40 cm hiku enta eka misava ya sandy naswona tiva tiri hansi nyana eka misava ya vumba, ku hlamusela Volker Miros wa Woodford Truffles e Hout Bay.
Va humelerisi vati truffles e southern hemisphere (tani hile Afrika Dzonga, Chile na Australia) va xavisela matiko yo fana na Europe hinkarhi wa ximumu e northern hemisphere, loko mphakelo wati truffle e Europe wuri ehansi.
Nhlayiso Naku dya ti Truffles
Loko ti hlayisiwe eka 4°C, truffle leyi tsakamaka yita tshama kuringana 18 wa masiku. Hambi swiritan, yi lahlekeriwa hi nuhelo wayona wa umami loko nkarhi wuya wufamba.
Ti truffles titala kuva ti dyiwa titetano; tivandliwa kantsongo ehenhla ka pasta, eka pizza, eka ti risottos kumbe ti cheriwe eka ti sauces kumbe eka swakudya leswi kufumelaka. Leti ta muhlovo wa Burgundy/ntima wa ti truffle ta ximumu ti dyiwa kahle loko tiswekiwile.
Vatirhisi va tsundzuxiwa ku hlaya swiphephani leswi damarhetiweke eka switirhisiwa leswingana ti truffles. Loko swiku ‘truffle flavour’ ahi swa mampela. Ti truffles ati koti ku kondzelela ndzulamiso wati khemikhali hambi loko ku tsariwe ‘natural truffle flavour’ swivula leswaku nantswo wu susiwile kusuka eka xilo xa ntumbuluko kufana nati shiitake mushrooms.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni