Ukulinywa kwama-truffle eSewula Afrika kusese yi-indastri encani kodwana ekhulako, eqale khulu ukukhiqiza ama-French black truffles khulu kunalayo womuthi we-owuki. Kulirhwebo lokulima lethekniki ephezulu elidinga ubujamo bezulu obupholileko, imithi ye-owuki elatjhelwe amalwelwe, ukubekezala kunye nezinja ezibandulelwe ukunukelela.
Alinywa njani Ama-Truffles
Ukulinywa kwama-truffles kuya ngetheknoloji ekhona ezokusetjenziswa ukulapha imithini ezobe isetjenziselwa ukulima ama-spores we-truffle fungus, enzeka ngaphasi kwemibandela alawulwa khulu.
Ukukhulisa ama-truffles nokwenza i-truffière (indawana lapho ekutjalwa khona ama-truffles) amazinga womtjhiso kufanele kube ngafaneleko. E-Sewula Afrika, ama-truffles angalinywa kwaphela eendaweni ezimakhaza ngokwaneleko: I-avareji yamazinga womtjhiso ebusuku nemini (ebusika) kufanele abeyi-8°C. Iindawo ezifanele ukutjala ama-truffles zifakahlangana i-Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Dullstroom/Machadadorp kunye ne-Clarens.
Nanyana kungumuphi umhlobo wehlabathi ukufanele ukulima ama-truffles, kodwana kufanele ihlabathi leyo ikwazi ukumunya amanzi kuhle. I-pH yehlabathi kufanele ikhutjhulelwe ku-7.9 begodu kufakiwe i-irrigation (ngaphambili kobana kutjaliwe) ukujamiselela izulu elinganiko kufikela lapho amanzi akhona alingana ne 4 000 kuya ku-6 000 m³ qobe nyaka.
Imithi emincani yemithi ethileko (ehlotjaniwa nemihlobo ethileko yama-truffles azokutjalwa kileyo ndawo) ilatjhwa ngama-truffle spores, okuyimbewu ye-fungi. Imithi emincani leyo ibese ivunyelwa ukukhula ku-media engakghoni ukukhupha iinthelo.
Ngemva kweenyanga ezingaba yi-18 ngemva kokulaphela imithi amalwelwe, imithi yama-truffles ithuthukiselwa esimini yemithi yeenthelo begodu kusazakudlula iminyaka eminye engaba mine ngaphambili kobana ama-truffles angavunwa ezude nemirabho yemithi.
E-Sewula Afrika, imithi ye-owuki ye-English neye-evergreen esikhathini esinengi isetjenziselwa ukulima ama-truffles. Ngokuya ngokwe-Volker Miros ye-Woodford Truffles, imithi ye-hazel ayisasetjenziswa. Nanoma ikhiqiza ama-truffles msinya, ihlelo le-sucker removal (ama-shoots akhula ajame rwe kusukela ngaphasi kwesiqu) abanga omunye umsebenzi omunengi.
Nge-avareji, ama-truffle akhiqizwa e-Europe angaba hlangana ne-28 kunye ne-39 kg qobe ihekthara, kodwana ngokulima okuneendlela ezithuthukileko nokulawulwa, imikhiqizo ingafikelela ku-120 kg/ha.
Iinsimu zemithi yeenthelo zama-truffle eSewula Afrika zisesezincani begodu neenlinganiso ziphasi. Imikhiqizo elindelweko yama-truffles kunye nemikhiqizo eyadlulako esikhathini esinengi aziripotiwa, noma kunjalo umlimi wama-truffle eSewula Afrika uveze isilinganiso asilindeleko se-100 kg ngo-2020. Lokhu kungaba mahekthara angaba yi-5-10 kg qobe ihekthara.
Ukuvuna Ama-Truffles
Ama-truffles avunwa kancani eminyakeni engaba mine ngemva kokutjala imithi, kodwana kunamaqhinga asetjenziswako kile-indastri ukwenzela bona kuthathe isikhathi esincani, kuvuma uMr Miros. Isivuno esingaba yi-90 ukuya ku-120 kg/ha emnyakeni elitjhumi sithathwa njengesihle kwamambala begodu nesenza inzuzo.
Ama-black Périgord truffles avunwa hlangana nenyanga kaMgwengweni kunye noRhoboyi eSewula Afrika. Ama-truffles akhula bekalungele ukuvunwa lokha nasele anombala onzima ngaphandle begodu anemithambo ekhanyako ngaphakathi enama-spores anzima.
Inja ebanduliweko isiwa esimini yemithi yeenthelo bezikhambe zinukelela ama-truffles, akhupha umnuko ojayelekileko we-umami ovela ehlabathini. Ekadeni, bekusetjenziswa iimfarigi, kodwana isenzo lesi asisakajayeleki njengombana iimfarigi bezikghalela ukudla ama-truffles.
Ama-truffles ayembiwa ngezandla akhutjhwe phasi. Atholakala ngaphasi ehlabathini yesanda kutjhingela phasi nge-40 cm edude nangaphasi kwengaphezulu lehlabathi yedaka, kutjho uVolker Miros we-Woodword Truffles e-Hout Bay.
Abakhiqizi be-truffle e-Southern Hemisphere (kufana neSewula Afrika, i-Chile kunye ne-Australia) bathengisela inarha ye-Europe lokha nakusikhathi sehlobo e-Northern Hemisphere, lokha ama-truffle atholakala e-Europe nakamancani.
Ukubulunga Nokudla Ama-Truffles
Nakabulungwe ngaphasi kwe-4°C, ama-truffle afretjhi angahlala amalanga angafika ku-18. Noma kunjalo, alahlekelwa mnambitho we-umami isikhathi nasikhambako.
Ama-truffle esikhathini esinengi adliwa ahlaza; asikelelwe abedweni afakwe ku-pasta, kuma-pizzas, kuma-rissotos nofana uwavange namasosi nokudla okutjhisako. Ama-truffle abizwa nge-Burgundy/black summer truffle amnandi khulu nakadliwa aphekiwe.
Abathengi beyeleliswa bona bafunde amalebula wemikhiqizo emumethe ama-truffle. Nangabe ithi ‘truffle flavour’ kutjho bona ayikohliso. Ama-truffle akazwani namakhemikhali ngalokho nangabe amalebula atlolwe ukuthi ‘natural truffle flavour’ kutjho bona umnambitho uthethwe emthonjeni wemvelo ofana namakhowe we-shiitake.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana