Ukulinywa kwe truffle eMzantsi Afrika iselushishino olusakhasayo, kodwa olukhulayo. Lujolise kakhulu kwimveliso ye French black truffles, neya yanyaniswa nemithi yom oki. Lushishino oludinga ubuchule obuninzi nemozulu epholileyo, imithi yom oki, umonde kunye nezinja eziqeqeshiweyo zokujoja.
Indlela Yokulima iiTruffles
Ukulinywa kwee truffles kuxhomekeka kubuchule be theknoloji obukhoyo bokuhlohla imithi ngembewu ye truffle fungus, neyenzeka phantsi kwemeko ezilawulwe kanobom. Ukukhulisa iitruffle nokuseka itruffière (umhlaba ekukhuliselwa kuwo itruffles) imozulu kufanele ilungelane. eMzantsi Afrika, iitruffle zingakhuliswa kuphela kwiingingqi ezibandayo. Amaqondo obushushu ase mini nase busuku (ehlotyeni) kufanele abeyi 8°C. Imimandla elungileyo iquka iindawo ezikumaPhondo eNtshona Kolomi, KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Dullstroom/Machadadorp kunye nangase Clarens.
Yonke indidi yomhlaba izilungele iitruffles, kodwa kufanele ikwazi ukufunxa kakuhle amanzi. I-pH yomhlaba kufanele ibeku 7.9. Kufanele kunkcenkceshelwe (imibhobho ingafakwa ngaphambo kokutyala) ukuncedisana nemvula. Ubumanzi obupheleleyo kufuneka bufikelele kuma 4 000 to 6 000 m3 ngonyaka.
Izithole zemithi ethile (nezayanyaniswa neendidi ezithile zee truffle ezizaku linywa kuloo ndawo) ziye zifakwe imbewu ye truffle. Ezi zithole ziye ziyekwe zikhule kwindawo ecocekileyo.
Emva kwesithuba esimalunga neenyanga ezili 18 emva kokufakwa le mbewu, le ‘mithi ye truffle’ iye ithuthelwe kwiifama. Kuza kudlula iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokuba kuvunwe iitruffle kufuphi nembewu zale mithi.
Kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika, kusetyenziswa imithi yom oki kunye ne evergreen kulimo lwe truffle. Ngokuka Volkwe Miros we Woodford Truffles, imithi ye hazel ayisasetyenziswa. ‘Nangona le mithi ivelisa iitruffle kwangethuba, ukususwa kwezihlahla ezikhula kwiziqu zalo mthi zenza umsebenzi omninzi’.
Isivuno se truffle kwilizwekazi lase Europe lisenokuba phakathi kwama 28 kunye nama 39 kg kwi hekthare nganye. Kodwa ngendlela eziphuculiweyo zokulima nolawulo, isivuno singafikelela kuma 120 kg/ha.
Iintsimi ze truffle zase Mzantsi Afrika zisakhasa, kwaye uqikelelo lwesivuno luphantsi. Isivuno esilindelekileyo se truffle kunye nesivuno esidlulileyo asivamisanga kuxelwa. Kodwa omnye wama fama etruffle wase Mzantsi Afrika unikeze ngoqikelelo lwesivuno se 100kg ngomnyaka ka 2020. Esi sisibalo se 5-10kg kwi hekthare nganye.
Ukuvunwa Kwee Truffles
Iinkowane zivunwa ngokwamanani aphantsi malunga neeminyaka emine emva kokutyalwa kwemithi. Kodwa kwezoshishino, elixesha liyancitshiswa, kutsho u Mnu. Miros. ‘Isivuno sama 90 to 120 kg/ha kumnyaka weshumi sibonwa njengesihle kakhulu kwaye sinengeniso eninzi.
Iinkowane zohlobo lwe black Périgord truffles zivunwa phakathi kweenyanga zika Junu no Agasti eMzantsi Afrika. Iitruffle zilungela ukuvunwa xa sele zimnyama ngaphandle, kwaye zinemiphakathi engathi inemithambo.
Inja efundisiweyo ithathwa isiwe kwifama yeenkowane ize iyalelwe ukuba inukise ivumba lee truffles. Eli vumba le umami liphuma phantsi komhlaba. Mandulo, kwakusetyenziswa iihagu, kodwa oku akusenziwa kakhulu ngoku njengoko nazo ziye zifune ukutya kwezi truffle.
Iitruffle ziye zigrunjwe phantsi komhlaba. Iitruffle zifumaneka kuma 40 cm obunzulu bemihlaba yesanti. Zikwafumaneka naphantsi komhlaba wodongwe, kutsho uVolker Miros wenkampani iWoodford Truffles ese Hout Bay.
Abavelisi bee truffle abakwi southern hemisphere (abafana noMzantsi Afrika Chile kunye ne Australia) bathengisela ilizwekazi lase Europe ngethuba lase hlotyeni kwi northern hemisphere. Ngeli xesha itruffle ziyanqongophala kula mazwe.
Ukugcinwa Nokutyiwa Kwee Truffles
Xa igcinwe kumaqondo akwi 4°C, itruffle ingahlala isithuba esifikelela kwiintsuku eziyi 18. Kodwa ke, iye iphulukane nencasa yayo ye umami ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iitruffles zivamise ukutyiwa ziluhlaza; zenziwe imicwe zigalelwe kwii pasta, pizza, risotto oykanye zidityaniswe nee sosi ze zifudumeze nezidlo. Iindidi ye Burgundy/black summer truffle ibamnandi kakhulu xa iphekiwe.
Abathengi bayakhuthazwa ukuba bafunde amaphepha akwii mveliso ezine truffle. Ukuba ithi ‘truffle flavour’ lo ncasa asiyiyo eyokwenyani. I-truffles azinakho ukumelana ne chemical processing ngoko ke nokuba iphepha lithi ‘natural truffle flavour’ kuthetha ukuba incasa icatshulwe kumthombo wendalo ofana neenkowane ze shiitake.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana