Ukulima ama-treffle eNingizimu Afrika kuyimboni encane kodwa ekhulayo, egxile ekukhiqizweni kwama-truffles amnyama amaningi aseFrance ahambisana nezihlahla ze-oki. Kuyibhizinisi lokulima elinobuchwepheshe obudinga isimo sezulu esipholile, izihlahla ze-oki ezingaphakathi, ukubekezela nezinja eziqeqeshiwe ze-sniffer.
Ungalima Kanjani Ama-Truffle
Ukuhlakulela ama-truffles kuncike kubuchwepheshe obukhona bokungenisa izihlahla zokubamba ngezinhlamvu zesikhunta se-truffle, ezenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile.
Ukuze ukhule ama-truffles futhi usungule i-truffière (ucezu lomhlaba lapho kukhula khona ama-truffles) isimo sezulu kufanele sibe ngokulungile. E-Ningizimu Afrika, ama-truffles angatshalwa kuphela ezindaweni ezibandayo ngokwanele; isilinganiso sokushisa sasemini nobusuku (ubusika) kufanele sibe ngu-8°C. Izifunda ezifanele zifaka izindawo eziseWestern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, Dullstroom / Machadadorp kanye naseClarens.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi lufanele ama-truffles, kepha ukugeleza kahle kahle akuxoxeki. I-Soil pH idinga ukulungiswa ibe ngu-7.9 kanye nokunisela (ukufakwa ngaphambi kokutshala) kudinga ukwengeza imvula ekutholakaleni kwamanzi okuphelele okuyi-4 000 kuya ku-6 000 m3 ngonyaka.
Izithombo zezihlahla ezithile (ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezithile zama-truffles azokhuleka endaweni) zifakwe kugxilwe nama-truffle spores, angama 'mbewu' yesikhunta. Izithombo zivele zivunyelwe ukuba zikhule kwezokuxhumana ezingcolile.
Cishe izinyanga eziyi-18 ngemuva kokungeniswa, izihlahla ze-'truffle' zidluliselwa ezivandeni futhi okungenani eminye iminyaka emine izodlula ngaphambi kokuba kuvunwe ama-truffles eduze nezimpande zezihlahla.
E-Ningizimu Afrika, kusetshenziswa izihlahla ze-oki zesiNgisi nezhlala ziluhlaza. Ngokusho kukaVolker Miros waseWoodford Truffles, izihlahla ze-hazel azisasetshenziswa futhi. 'Noma bakhiqiza ekuqaleni ama-truffles, inqubo yokususa i-sucker (amahlumela akhula ngokuthe ngqo kusuka kusisekelo sesiqu) enza umsebenzi omningi owengeziwe.'
Ngokwesilinganiso, isivuno esincanyana eYurophu singaba phakathi kwama-28 no-39 kg ngehektha elilodwa, kepha izindlela ezingcono zokulima nokuphatha, isivuno singafinyelela ku-120 kg / ha.
Izithelo zezihlahla zaseNingizimu Afrika zisezincane futhi ukulinganiselwa kuphansi. Isivuno se-truffles esilindelekile nezithelo zangaphambilini azivamisile ukubikwa, kepha umlimi oyedwa waseNingizimu Afrika odalulile uveze isilinganiso sakhe esingu-100 kg ngo-2020. Lokhu cishe kungama-5 - 10 kg ngehektha ngalinye.
Ukuvuna Ama-Truffle
Ama-truffle atholakala emalini encane cishe iminyaka emine ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla, kepha kunamaqhinga ezimboni okufanele anciphise kulokhu, avuma uMnu Miros. 'Ukuvunwa okungama-90 kuye kuma-120 kg / ha ngonyaka weshumi kuthathwa njengokuhle kakhulu futhi impela kunenzuzo.'
Ama-truffles amnyama ePérigord avunwa phakathi kukaJuni no-Agasti eNingizimu Afrika. Ama-Truffles avuthiwe futhi alungele ukuvunwa lapho emnyama futhi e-warty ngaphandle futhi enendawo ekhanyiselwe ingaphakathi yangaphakathi ene-spores emnyama.
Inja eqeqeshiwe iyiswa engadini yezithelo futhi ihambisane nomoya ukuze ikhiphe ama-truffles, okunikeza iphunga elijwayelekile le-umami elikhuphuka emhlabathini. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakusetshenziswa izingulube, kepha lokhu akusaseyona into ejwayelekile njengoba bezimisele kakhulu ukudla iziqubu.
Ama-truffles abe esebiwa phansi emhlabathini. Amaloli atholakala afinyelela ku-40 cm ekujuleni kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi nangaphansi nje komhlaba ngezinto zenhlabathi, kusho uVolker Miros waseWoodford Truffles eHout Bay.
Abakhiqizi be-Truffle eNingizimu Hemisphere (njengeNingizimu Afrika, iChile ne-Australia) bathumela eYurophu phakathi nehlobo elisenyakatho ye-hemisphere, lapho izimpahla zaseYurophu ziphansi.
Ukugcina Nokudla Ama-Truflle
Lapho igcinwa ku-4°C, i-truffle entsha izodonsa kuze kufike izinsuku eziyi-18. Kodwa-ke, ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo okuningi kwe-umami ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amaloli adliwa kakhulu aluhlaza; yachecwa kancane phezu kwe-pasta, kuma-pizzas, kuma-risottos noma ukufaka isoso kanye nezitsha ezifudumele. I-Burgundy / emnyama ihlobo i-truffle idliwa kangcono iphekwe.
Abathengi bayalulekwa ukuba bafunde ilebula yemikhiqizo equkethe ama-truffles. Uma ithi 'flavour flavour' kungamanga. Ama-Truffles awakwazi ukumelana nokuqhutshwa kwamakhemikhali ngakho-ke noma amalebula athi 'ukunambitheka okungokwemvelo' kusho ukuthi ukunambitheka kukhishwa emthonjeni wemvelo onjengamakhowe e-shiitake.
Translated by Nsika Khoza