Ema cherry lanongotelako (Prunus avium) avela kuncenye yase Europe, eTurkey, Afrika nase Asia. Lelensha leyatiwako intfo yema cherry kwakusikhatsi sa 372 kuyaku 272; lokukhombisa kutsi emacherry ekucala kutsi kungenteka kube alinywa ngetikhatsi tandvulo eGreece.
Lamacherry labovu-lotopele kuya cishe kumnyaka, lamunyu lonongotela kancane, iPrunus cerasus, lekhula etihlahleni letincane ivame kukhuliselwa kupheka kanye nekubhaka. Ema cherry lamunyu kutsiwa anemanutrition lamaningi kunemacherry lanongotelako kantsi futsi avutsiwe nge melatonin.
eNingizimu Afrika, kukhicitwa emacherry lanongotelako kuphela, ngalesicumbi salokukhicitiwe lokusuka etigodzini letibandzako edolobheni lase Ceres. Nomakunjalo, lidolobha lase Free State eFicksburg, lelatiwako kakhulu ngekukhicita emacherry lamnandzi, kantsi Nemcimbi wemaCherry wemnyaka, lobanjwa ngenyanga yeLweti.
Kulinywa Kwema Cherry eNingizimu Afrika
Ngekusho kwemphumela wemlandvo, lengadze lencane yekucala yemacherry eNingizimu Afrika yalinywa eGydo Pass ngaphandle kwelidolobha lase Western Cape eCeres, ngemnyaka wa 1890. Nomakunjalo, umkhicito wekutsengiswa wekucala wemacherry eNingizimu Afrika, wacala ngemnyaka wa 1904, dvutane ne Clocolan eSifundzeni sase Free State. Kulendzawo, cishe lokungemahekitha lasihlanu kwemacherry kwalinywa ngu Harry Pickstone, ngelusito lwemamishini ase German.
Kulinywa kwema cherry bekusolo kukhula kusuka lapho. Ngemnyaka munye, phakatsi kwemnyaka wa 2017 na 2018 kulinywa kwemacherry kwakhula nga 25% kuya ekupheleleni kwemahekitha lamakhulu lamatsatfu nemashumi lasiphohlongo nesiphohlongo. Acishe afika kumashumi lamatsatfu emacherry lakhicitwa eNingizimu Afrika, anakekelwa bakhiciti bentsengiso labangemashumi lamabili nakutsatfu, kanye nemkhicito lophelele wemacherry langaba ngetulu ngemathani layinkhulungwane ngemnyaka wesikhatsi sa 2018/19.
Kubekhona kukhula nga 76% emkhicitweni wemacherry emkhatsini wemnyaka wa 2013 na 2018, loku kwentiwa yimali lekhokhwako yekulima etikweni letekulima eWestern Cape. Kunikelwa kwemali sekusite kwakhulisa bukhona betihlahla tema cherry letinetimphandze, kubhaliswa kwemakhemikhali kwentela kusetjentiswa etihlahleni temacherry, kanye nekucokelelwa kweliningi lemacherry eNingizimu Afrika. Lucwalingo luvame kwentiwa Yinhlangano Yekukhulisa emaCherry eNingizimu Afrika (South African Cherry Associaton – SACGA) ne Hortgro. Lucwalingo lwamanje lifaka kufundza lokuchaza emacherry ‘kutsatsela etigodzini letehlukene tesimo selitulu.
Kulinywa kwema cherry kutfolwe etindzaweni letitsite ngenca yetidzingo tesimo selitulu ngalehlanyelo leyincelencele. Ema cherry adzinga lihlobo lelisemkhatsini kanye nebusika lobubandzako lobudze, kanye netindzawo letinekubandza lokwenele kwentela lokutsatsa sikhatsi lokungaphansi kwa 7°C. letitindlela tiveta kulinywa kwecherry etigodzini letiphakeme ngase Ceres lese Western Cape, kanjalo ne Free State, iNorthwest, kanye netindzawo letincane letiseSifundzeni saseLimpopo, eGauteng nase Mpumalanga.
Emacherry avutfwa ngekushesha, ngemalanga lamashumi lasihlanu nesihlanu kuya kulamashumi lasikhombisa kusuka ekuvundzeni kuya ekuvunweni, kushiyane ngekulinywa. Kuvuna yintfo yetisebenti; emacherry adzinga kukhiwa ngesandla kwentela kugcina loluhlanga limile. Kumele apholiswe ngekushesha ku 0.5°C kwentela kuciniseka kutsi imphilo yaseshelufini kanye nekuma kwentela kuhanjiswa kuya eUK – imakethe lenguyona, eMiddle East, eEurope nase Russia.
Kulinywa Kwema Cherry
Kulinywa kwemacherry lanongotelako eNingizimu Afrika kwacala ngekulimywa kwetindzawo temacherry letifana ne Early River, iEarly Red Five, iGiant Heidelfinger, ne Bing. Ngaloku, le Bing lenkhulu lebovu lotopele kanye ne Giant Heidelfinger lemnyama nalokubovu isalinywa. Kukhona inombolo lenkhulu yetinhlobonhlobo lelinywa eNingizimu Afrika, loku kufaka iRoyal Hazel, iRoyal Dawn, iRoyala Lynn, iRoyala Edie neRoyala Helen. Letinhlobonhlobo letifana ne Van ne Sweet Ann tisetjentiswa njengentfo yekuvundzisa. Lolokulinywa kucala yi Royal Tioga kantsi lesikhatsi semacherry siphelelisa nge Staccato.
Le cherry lenekunongotela leyatiwako lelinywako (eUSA) yi Montmorency.
Njengoba kubhaliwe ku Hortgro yangenyanga yaKholwane ngemnyaka wa 2019 umbiko Lobukiwe weLitiko le Cherry, lenhlobo lekungiyo yecherry eNingizimu Afrika lekhuliswa ngumkhiciti munye ngulelensha yesinongo lesibovu, iRoyal Hazel. Lena ngulenhlobo lenhle yemphilo yaseshelufini; ilungele kuhanjiswa ngemkhumbi futsi phindze yakha lokunganga 10% kwenhlanyelo lephelele yase Ningizimu Afrika, lokungaba ngaphansi kwemahekitha langemakhulu lamatsatfu nemashumi layimfica ngemnyaka wa 2019. Letinye tindzawo tekulima lama cherry laphindze alinywe etikalini letinkhulu afaka iRoyal Edie ne Royal Helen.
Translated by Phindile Malotana