Ti cherries to nyanganya (Prunus avium) hile kaya ka tona eka swiphemu swa Europe, Turkey, Afrika, nale Asia. Leswi tsundzukiwaka hitona ti cherries swa khale aswiri hi 372 kuya eka 272 BC; laha swikombaka leswaku ti cherries tosungula tingava tirimiwile e khale ka Greece.
Leti to tshuka no dzhwihala onge ita ntima, sour cherries kumbe tart cherries, Prunus cerasus, letikulaka eka swinsinyani leswintsongo tibyaleriwa kusweka naku baka. Ti sour cherries tivikiwa kuva titele swakudya kutlula ti sweet cherries naswona hi xitalo tiva tifuwile hi melatonin.
E Afrika Dzonga, kova ntsena ti sweet cherries leti humelerisiwaka, laha vuhumelerisi byotala byihumaka eka tindzhawu leti titimelaka eka madoroba ya Ceres. Hambiswiritano, i doroba ra Free State ra Ficksburg, leringana ndhuma swinene eka vuhumelerisi bya ti glazed cherries, xikan’we na Cherry Festival ya lembe na lembe, leyivaka kona hi November.
Vurimi bya Cherry eAfrika Dzonga
Kuya hi matimu ya swiviko, xirhapa lexintsongo xosungula e Afrika Dzonga xibyariwile e Gydo Pass ehandle ka doroba rale Western Cape ra Ceres, hi 1890. Hambiswiritano, vuhumelerisi byo sungula byati cherries e Afrika Dzonga, byi sungule hi 1904, kusuhi nale Clocolan e xifundzheni xa Free State. Endzhawini leyi, kwalomu ka 5 hectares yati cherries tibyariwile hi Harry Pickstone, hikupfuniwa hi vavuri va rito vale Germany.
Vurimi bya ti cherry abyiri eku kuleni kusukela. Hi lembe rin’we, exikarhi ka 2017 na 2018 swimilani swa ti cherry switlakukile hi 25% eka nhlengelo wa 388 ha. Kuna kwalomu ka 30 wa tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi byati cherry e Afrika Dzonga, leti fambisiwaka hi vahumelerisi lava xavisaka va 23, laha kungana vuhumelerisi bya ti cherry bya kutlula 1 000 tonnes eka nguva ya 2018/19.
Kuve na kutlakuka ka 76% eka vuhumelerisi bya ti cherry exikarhi ka 2013 na 2018, leswi swivangiwe hi mpfuneto wa timali hiku suka eka nkwama wa swibyariwa kusuka eka ndzawulo ya vurimi eka mfumo wa xifundzha xa Western Cape. Mpfuneto wa timali wupfunete ku tlakuka ka vukona bya misinya ya swimilani swati cherry, kutsarisiwa ka tikhemikali leti tsarisiweke kuva titirhisiwa eka misinya yati cherry, xikan’we na kuhlengeletiwa ka matsalwa yati cherry e Afrika Dzonga. Vulavisisi byi endliwa ntsena hiva South African Cherry Growers Association (SACGA) na Hortgro. Vulavisisi bya sweswi byi katsa tidyondzo leti kombisaka vuswikoti bya ti cherries kuva ti kondzelela swiyimo swo hambana hambana swa maxelo.
Vurimi bya ti cherry byile ka tindzhawu tokarhi hiko kwalaho ka swilaveko swa maxeloeka swibyariwa leswi swo nyenyela. Ti cherries tilava ximumu lexinga hiseki ngopfu xikan’we na xixika xo leha, na kutitimela ko ringanela kale hansi ka 7°C. Swilo leswi swi endla leswaku vurimi bya ti cherry byiva eka tindzhawu tale tintshaveni e Ceres exifundzheni xa Western Cape, xikan’we nale Free State, na Northwest, kukatsa na tindzhawu letintsongo ta Limpopo, Gauteng, na xifundzha xa Mpumalanga.
Ti cherries i swibyariwa leswi hatlisaka ku vupfa, hi kwalomu ka 55 kuya eka 70 wa masiku endzhaku ka pollination kuya eka ntshovelo, kuya hi muxaka lowu byariweke. Ntshovelo wa tirhisana swinene; ti cherries tilava ku khiwa hi mavoko leswaku titasala na rinhu. Tifanele ku hatlisa ti titimetiwa kuya eka 0.5°C ku tiyisisa leswaku tita tshama nkarhi woleha xikan’we na kululamela kuyisiwa ematikweni ya UK – timakete nkulu, Middle East, Europe, nale Russia.
Tinxaka ta Cherry
Vurimi byati sweet cherry e Afrika Dzonga byi sungule hiku byariwa ka tinxaka ta ti cherry to fana na Early River, Early Red Five, Giant Heidelfinger, na Bing. Eka leti, muxaka lowukulu wotshuka wo dzhwihala wa Bing nata ntima kuya eka kutshuka ta Giant Heidelfinger taha byariwa. Kuna nhlayo yikulu ya tinxaka leti byariwaka e Afrika Dzonga, leswi swikatsa Royal Hazel, Royal Dawn, Royal Lynn, Royal Edie na Royal Helen. Tinxaka leti tofana na Van na Sweet Ann titirhisiwa tani hiti cross-pollinators. Muxaka wa khale wa Royal Tioga na nguva yati cherry swihelela e Staccato.
Muxaka wa ndhuma wa tart cherry (e USA) i Montmorency.
Tani hilaha swinga tsariwa eka Hortgro’s July 2019 Cherry Industry Overview report, muxaka lowukulu wati cherry e Afrika Dzonga leti byariwaka hi muhumelerisi wun’we i muxaka wotshuka wa nantswo lowu wahaku fikaka wa, Royal Hazel. Lowu i muxaka lowungana vutomi bya kahle endzhaku ka ntshovelo; wululamerile ku fambisiwa hi xikepe naswona wu endla kwalomu ka 10% wa swibyariwa swa Afrika Dzonga, swale hansi ka 390 hectares hi 2019. Tinxaka tin’wana tati cherry leti byariweke ngopfu tikatsa Royal Edie na Royal Helen.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni