Ama-cherries amnandi (i-Prunus avium) adabuka ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Europe, Turkey, Africa nase Asia. Inkomba yokuqala eyaziwa kakhulu yama-cherries yayingama-372 kuya ku-272 BC; okukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-cherries okuqala atshalwa eGrisi yasendulo.
Ama-cherries amnyama abomvu ukuya kumnyama, omuncu noma ama-tart cherries, amaPrunus cameraus, akhula ezihlahleni ezincane akhuliselwa ukupheka nokubhaka. Ama-cherries ama-Sour kuthiwa anokudla okuningi kunama-cherries amnandi futhi acebile ikakhulukazi melatonin.
ENingizimu Afrika, kukhiqizwa ama-cherries amnandi kuphela, ngobuningi bemikhiqizo evela ezifundeni ezibandayo eziseduzane nedolobha laseCeres. Kodwa-ke, iyidolobha laseFree State eFicksburg, edume kakhulu ngokukhiqiza amakhehla akhazinyulisiwe, kanye noMkhosi waminyaka yonke weCherry, obanjwa ngoNovemba.
Ukulima Ama-Cherry eNingizimu Afrika
Ngokusekelwe emibikweni engokomlando, ingadi yokuqala yezithelo ezincane zaseNingizimu Afrika yatshalwa eGydo Pass ngaphandle kwedolobha laseWestern Cape eCeres, ngonyaka we-1890. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizo wokuqala wentengiso wamakheli ezweni laseNingizimu Afrika, waqala ngo-1904, eduze naseClocolan e Isifundazwe saseFree State. Kule ndawo, cishe amahektha ayi-5 ama-cherries atshalwe nguHarry Pickstone, ngosizo lwezithunywa zevangeli zaseJalimane.
Ukulima i-Cherry bekukhula kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngonyaka owodwa nje, phakathi kuka-2017 no-2018 ukutshala ama-cherry kukhule ngo-25% kuya kumahektha angama-388. Kukhona izingxenye ezingama-30 zokukhiqiza ama-cherry lapha eNingizimu Afrika, eziphethwe ngabakhiqizi bezentengiso abangama-23, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-Cherry okungamathani angaphezu kwe-1 000 ngesizini ka-2018/19.
Kube nokwenyuka kwama-76% ekukhiqizeni ama-cherry phakathi kuka-2013 no-2018, ikakhulukazi lokhu kungenxa yokuxhaswa ngemali kwesikhwama sezitshalo esingafani noMnyango Wezolimo eNtshonalanga Kapa. Ukuxhaswa ngemali kusize ukukhulisa ukutholakala kweziphungulo zezihlahla ze-cherry, ukubhaliswa kwamakhemikhali afanele asetshenziswa ezihlahleni ze-cherry, kanye nokuqoqwa kwemininingwane ye-cherry eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ikakhulukazi yiSouth African Cherry Growers Association (SACGA) kanye neHortgro. Ucwaningo lwamanje lubandakanya izifundo ezivumelanisa nezimo zokunquma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwama Cherry ezindaweni ezihlukile zesimo sezulu.
Ukulima i-Cherry kutholakala ezindaweni ezithile ngenxa yezidingo zesimo sezulu salesi sitshalo esibucayi. Ama-Cherry adinga ihlobo elithambile nobusika obude obandayo, enamakhaza anele okubandayo okuhlala isikhathi eside esingaphansi kuka-7°C. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa ukulima ama-cherry ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu iCeres eWestern Cape, kanye neFree State, kanye neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kanye nezindawo ezincane eziseLimpopo, eGauteng nasezifundazweni zaseMpumalanga.
Ama-Cherry ayisitshalo esivuthiwe sokuvuthwa ngokushesha, ngezinsuku ezingama-55 kuya kwezingama-70 kuphela ukusuka ekuvunieni ukuya ekuvuneni, kuya ngohlamvu. Ukuvuna kungumsebenzi omkhulu; ama-cherries adinga ukukhethwa ngesandla ukugcina isiqu singasebenzi. Kumele zikhuthazwe ngokushesha zifinyelele ku-0,5°C ukuqinisekisa impilo yeshelufu nokufaneleka kokuthunyelwa e-UK - imakethe enkulu, i-Middle East, iYurophu neRussia.
Izinhlobo zama-Cherry
Ukufuya ama-cherry amnandi eSouth Africa kwaqala ngokutshala izitshalo ezingama-cherry ezifana ne-Early River, i-Early Red Five, iGiant Heidelfinger ne-Bing. Kulezi, iBing enkulu ebomvu obomvu kanye noGiant Heidelfinger omnyama obomvu namanje isatshaliwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezitshalwe eNingizimu Afrika, lezi zibandakanya iRoyal Hazel, iRoyal Dawn, iRoyal Lynn, iRoyal Edie neRoyal Helen. Izinhlobo ezinjengeVan ne-Ann Ann zisetshenziselwa ukunqobela impova. Umlimi wokuqala kuneRoyal Tioga kanti isizini ye-Cherry iyaphetha ngoStaccato.
I-Tart Cherry edume kakhulu (e-USA) yiMontmorehle.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe embikweni weHortgro ka-Julayi 2019 we-Cherry Industry Overview, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-cherry eNingizimu Melika ezikhulwe ngumkhiqizi ngamunye ngumbalisi omusha onobuhle obabayo, iRoyal Hazel. Lokhu kuhlukahluka ngokuphila okuhle eshalofini; ilungele ukuthunyelwa futhi isivele yenza ama-10% ezitshalo zaseNingizimu Afrika zizonke, ezingaphansi kwamahektha angama-390 ngonyaka ka-2019. Ezinye izihlahla ezingama-cherry nazo ezitshalwe ngezinga elikhulu zifaka iRoyal Edie en Royal Helen.
Translated by Nsika Khoza