I-Cherry ezi switi (Prunus avium) ziqhelekile kumacala ase Europe, Turkey, Afrika kunye ne Asia. Ukuqala ukuvakala nge cherry kwaqala ngo 272 ukuya ku 372 BC; oku kuthetha okokuba icherry zokuqala kungenzeka okokuba zalinywa eGreece.
Uhlobo olumbala obomvu ukuya bangathi umnyama, ezimuncu, Prunus cerasus zona zikhula kwimithi emincinci zilinyelwa ukupheka nokubhaka. I-cherry ezimuncu kukholeleka okokuba zinezinongo ezininzi ukodlula uhlobo olu switi kwaye zityebe kakhulu kwi melatonin.
Kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, kuveliswa icherry eziswiti kuphela, inkoliso yemveliso isuka kwimimandla ebandayo engqunge idolophu yase Ceres. Kodwa ke liphondo lase Free State, idolophu iFicksburg, yeyona inodumo ngokuvelisa icherry ezimenyezelayo, kunye nombhiyozo obanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka ngenyanga ka November wee cherry.
Ukulima iCherry eMzantsi Afrika
Ngokwe mbalelwano zamandulo, igadi encinci yokuqala ye cherry eMzantsi Afrika yatyalwa kwi Gydo Pass ngaphandle kwe dolophu iCeres, ekwi Phondo le Ntshona Koloni, ngonyaka ka 1890. Kodwa ke imveliso ye cherry yentengiso eMzantsi Afrika yaqala ngonyaka ka 1904, kufuphi ne Clocolan kwiphondo lase Free State. Kulo mmandla, malunga ne 5 hektare ze cherry zathi zatyalwa ngu Harry Pickstone, ngoncedo lwe German missionaries.
Ulimo lwe cherry luyakhula ukususela ngelo xesha. Kunyaka nje omnye, phakathi ko 2017 no 2018 utyalo lwe cherry lonyuka ngo 25% ukuya ku 388 ha. Kukho malunga nama 30 wendawo zemveliso ye cherry eMzantsi Afrika, eziphantsi kolawulo lwabavelisi ntengiso abangama 23, nemveliso yecherry xa iphelele engama 1 000 we toni ngexesha lonyaka mali ka 2018/19.
Imveliso ye cherry inyuke ngama 76% phakathi ko 2013 no 2018, oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokufumana inxaso mali kwi alternative crop fund ye Sebe le Zolimo lase Ntsona Koloni. Uncedo lwenxaso mali luncede ukongeza iingcambu/izithole zemithi ye cherry, ukubhalisa iikhemikhali ezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimithi yecherry, kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi malunge ne cherry kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika. uphando lwenziwa kakhulu yi South African Cherry Growers Association (SACGA) ne Hortgro. Uphando olusandula ukwenziwa luquka izifundo ezijongene nokuba icherry ikhula kwimimandla enesimo sezulu esinjani.
Ukulima icherry kwenzeka kwindawo ezithile kuphela ngenxa yezidingo ezithile zesimo sezulu, kuba isisivuno esinochuku. I-cherry zidinga isimo sezulu sehlobo esiphakathi kunye nexesha lase busika elide kwaye ubusika obunengqele engaphantsi ko 7℃. Ukulima icherry kwenzeka kwimimandla ephezulu engqunge iCeres kwelase Ntshona Koloni, kananjalo ne Free State, ne North West kunye nendawo ezincinci eLimpopo, Gauteng, ne phondo lase Mpumalanga.
I-cherry sisivuno esikhawuleza sivuthwe, kuphela zintsuku ezingama 55 ukuya ku 70 ukususela kwixesha lokudubula ukuya kwisivuno, kuxhomekeke kwisilimo. Ukuvuna kuyasebenzisa kakhulu; icherry kufuneka zivunwe ngesandla ukuze ushiye isikhondo sisahleli. Kufuneka ukhawuleze uzipholise ku 0.5℃ ukuqinisekisa okokuba ziyahlala kwaye zikulungele ukuthengiswa kumazwe angaphandle iUK-lelona lizwe lentengiso eliphambili, Middle East, Europe ne Russia.
Izilimo ze Cherry
Ukulima isweet cherry kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika kwaqala ngokutyalwa kwe zilimo zifana ne Early River, Early Red Five, Giant Heidelfinger, ne Bing. Kwezi, I-Red Bing enkulu embala ubomvu-mnyama ne Black red giant Heidelfinger zisatyalwa. Zininzi iintlobo ezityalwayo eMzantsi Afrika ezifana ne Royal Hazel, Royal dawn, Royal Lynn, Royal Edie, kunye ne Royal Helen. Intlobo ezifana ne Van ne Sweet Ann zisetyenziswa njenge zityalo ezimbini ezingafaniyo ezithi zidityaniswe. Esona silimo sakutsha nje yi Royal Tioga ze ixesha lesivuno se cherry liphele nge Staccato.
Olona hlobo lwe lwesilimo secherry limuncu (kwelase USA) yi Montmorency.
Njengoko kuqatshelwe kwi Hortgro ka July 2019 Cherry Industry Overview Report, ezona ntlobo zahlukileyo ze cherry eMzantsi Afrika ezikhuliswa ngumvelisi omnye luhlobo olubomvu olunencasa olufikayo, iRoyal Hazel. Oluhlobo luhlala ixesha elide; kwaye liku lungele ukuhanjiswa ngenqanawe emanzini kwaye sele lisenza u 10% wezityalo zeli lo Mzantsi Afrika, nje ngaphantsi kwama 390 we hektare ngonyaka ka 2019. Ezinye izilimo ze cherry ezityalwe kakhulu ziquka iRoyal Edie ne Royal Helen.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie