Letindumu letivalekile-letibovu (arils) kanye netigadla tihlukaniswe yintfo lemhlophe lengadliwa. Lama arils atfwele tinhlavu-leticijile letigegeletwe ngulokuyijusi ledliwako, lekhokha iacid lenongotelako, ijusi lebovu.
Emahanandza ahluma etigodzini letifutfumele tehlobo kepha amele avikelwe ekushisweni lilanga. Akhokha timbali tawo ngetigaba letintsatfu emkhatsini wenyanga yeNyoni neyeLweti. Loku kusho kutsi titselo tivutfwa ngesikhatsi futsi tingavunwa ngeticheme letintsatfu.
Umkhicito wekutsengiswa wemahananansza kumele ucale ngemuva kweminyaka lemitsatfu futsi ungakhokha ngesilinganiso semathani lamashumi lamatsatfu kuhekitha linye esihlahleni lesesikhulile (kusuka eminyakeni lesitfupha kuya etulu), kepha langaba ngemahekitha lamashumi lamane asuke sekavuniwe. Titselo tiyapholiswa phindze tihleliswe kahle ngemuva kwekuvunwa bese tingatsengiswa njengesitselo lesiphelele noma lesentiwe, ema arils ne oyili (lokusetjentiswa endzaweni) noma atsengiswe kulamanye emave njengetitselo letinsha.
Tihlahla temahananandza tingahluma phindze tikhicite titselo iminyaka ngako kubalulekile kutsi ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela, balimi labasha bemahananandza bakhetse indzawo lekahle yekuwahlanyela kusuka etindzaweni tetitselo letiphindvwako, batsatse imifanekiso yemihlabatsi, bahlole lizinga lemanti, balungiselele lomhlabatsi kutsi uvumele timphandze letishonako phindze bafake kwekunisela, kwecwayisa Jorrie Mulder, umcwayisi webungcongcoshe be Pomegranate Producers Association (POMASA) – Inhlangano yeBakhiciti be Hananandza.
Umhlabatsi Lolungele emaHananadza
Kulungiselela indzawo yekuhlanyela emahananandza kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunakekelwa kwemhlabatsi ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela kuwo kutosita ngekukhula kwetimphandze letinesisindvo. Lokucina kwaletimphandze talesitjalo kukhomba lenombolo kanye nelizinga laletimphandze kanjalo nalokukhula nemkhicito walesihlahla. Fana nekutsi, lokucina kwaletimphandze kutobambisana nalokunisela - kokubili ngesikhatsi lesiningi (nini, kangakhi) nesisindvo (emanti langakanani ngesikhatsi) semanti.Emahanandza angahluma ngemphumelelo emhlabatsini lobanti kepha anconota umahlabatsi lone pH ya 5 kuya ku 7,5. Cala ngekulungiselela lomhlabatsi tinyanga letine kuya kuletisihlanu ngaphambi kwekutsi uhlanyele, njengekutsi unciphise ipH yesihlabatsi ibengulesihlanu ne limestone bese wengeta iphosphorus umangabe luhlolo lwesihlabatsi lukhombisa kanjalo. Umakudzingeka, yehlilsa le pH yesihlabatsi ngekwengeta isulphur. iGypsum ingahle yengetwe nayo kwentela kulinganisa kuhamba kwe sodium (Na) emhlabatsini.
Kubalulekile kuba neluhlo lwemhlabatsi. Kulinganisa ngemakhemikhali kanye nekwengetwa kwemaminerals kumele kwentiwe ngemuva kwekufundza imiphumela yeluhlolo lwesihlabatsi. Kufanana, balimi labasha bangafuna kukhulisa tintfo letiphilako letincane emhlabatsini ngekutsi bangete umcuba lokahle ngesikhatsi bahlanyela, umangabe umphumela kutsi kwengetwe.
Yegwama kuhlanyela emahananadza emhlabatsini longakadvonswa kahle lone lubumba lolusetulu lolutfwelwe njengoba loku kungatfumela ekuboleni kwetimphandze.
Emihlabatsini leshonako, bukhona besisindvo semhlabatsi esihlahleni sinye kuncane futsi lesihlahla sitsatsela malula esomisweni nasekungatfolini kahle kudla. Imihlabatsi lehlangene kahle ingeke ivumele kucindzeteleka kwetimphandze kanjalo nemoya, kucindzeteleka kwemanti kanye nekuhamba kwemanti emhlabatsini.
Hlelisa lemilayini yetitselo kanye netindzawo letiphakeme ngenhlanye kwentela kutsi tibengaselangeni kanye nasemhlabatsini lodvonseke kahle. Indzawo lengase nyakatfo-ningizimu ikahle; lesitjalo sitfole linani lelilingene lelilanga kumacala omabili esihlahla ngesikhatsi selusuki. Yetama kungahlanyeli ngasenyakatfo-lebuke eweni kwentela kukalela kushiswalilanga phindze ugweme tindzawo letinesitfwatfwa kufana netindzawo-letilelephansi letivulekile.
Kuhlanyelwa kwema Hananandza
Ngesilingansio, emkhatsini wetihlahla letimakhulu lasitfupha naletimakhulu lasiphohlongo kumele tihlanyelwe kuhekitha linye. Kuvuleka kwetikhala tetihlahla kumele kube nguloku lokulandzelako: cishe emkhatsini yemalayini akube ngemamitha lasihlanu bese emkhatsini wetihlahla elayinini kube ngemamitha lamabili. Umangabe indzawo yetitselo igcwele kakhulu, kukhicita kuyehliswa, titselo tibakhona ngetulu kwetihlahla, libala lesitselo libaphansi phindze kucindzetela ngekufutsa tintfo akusebenti.
Ngekwentiwa kahle kwekucindzetelwa kwemhlabatsi (fana ne kuvuna), umhlaba kumele ubelula phindze ulungele kuphindze kuhlanyelwe kuwo. Ngekwengeta, emalayini ekunisela ayobe sekavele afakiwe. Balimi bemahananandza labasha bayaboniswa ngetintfo tetitjalo letinsha (lokujutjiwe kwetimphandze noma tihlahla letinkhulu naletingakahlangani) etindzaweni letiphindzekako kuphela.
Lokujutjiwe kwetimphandze kuhlanyelwa ngasekupheleni kwebusika noma ekungeneni kwentfwasahlobo, kepha tihlahla letinkhulu naletingakahlangani titokwenta kancono uma tihlanyelwe ngesikhatsi sentfwasahlobo noma ekungeneni kwelihlobo. Ngemuva kwekuhlanyela, yengeta emacembe noma tjani bekuvala kwentela kuvikela kuhluma kwelukhula bese unisela njalonjalo kwentela kuhlanganisa lomhlabatsi kanye nekuvikela koma kwetimphandze.
Kushiyana ngemphumela weluhlolo lwetimphandze, emakilogram ku hekitha langaba Likhulu enitrogen (N) ayaniketwa ngemnyaka. (loku sikalo lesentiwe futsi kumele sitsatfwe ngekuya kwemphumela weluhlolo lwemhlabatsi.)
Luhlolo lwelicembe kumele lwentiwe ngemnyaka. Loku kutokhombisa umangabe kukhona kushoda kwemamineral esitjalweni. Loku kungacondziswa ngekunika ifoliar. Kufakwa kwe foliar ku, nomakunjalo, yintfo yesincumo lesimfisha. Sincumo lesidze lesikahle semanutrients langekho kahle etitjalweni kutfutfukisa lesihlabatsi, kusho Jorrie. Kufakwa kwe foliar kungafaka, ifoliar zinc (Zn) ngemuva kwekwakheka kesitselo, iboron (B) ngesikhatsi setimbali ne kelp lengemanti.
Kungaphindze kubemcoka kutsi kuncishiswe le nitrogen: iphosphorus ledvute nekuvutfwa kwesitselo, kwentela kuciniseka ngekhulula lokukahle kwelibala kanye nekunyuka kwashukela kulama arils. Tfola secwayiso kulabatiko kulolohlelo lolulungele lwekuvundziswa kwemahananandza.
Kuniselwa kwemaHananandza
Kubalulekile kutsi lizinga lemanti luhlolwe nekutsi emalayini ekunisela afakwe ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela. Ngaphandle kwekunconota kwemahananandza timo telitulu letishisako naletomile, lesihlahla sidzinga kuniselwa kwentela umkhicito wekutsengiswa kwetitselo. Tihlahla tingakhula ngaphandle kwemanti kepha tingabanekukhatsateka kutsi tingakhokha sisindvo lesikhulu sesitselo lesisezingeni-leliphakeme.Luhlolo lwekunisela lolwentiwa yi Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – (Khansela weLucwalingo lweTekulima) luvaliwe noma lugcinwe ngemnyaka wa 2018 kantsi nemiphumela ikhombise kutsi kunisela-kancane kungaba nemiphumela lemihle kunaleyo yekunisela ngematfonsi.
Kunisela kwangetulu akusiyo intfo lecwayiswako njengoba timbali temahananandza tiyincelencele endzaweni lemanti nalefutfumele. Indlela lekuholako ngemanti ladzingekako kumahananandza kungaba ngu 7 500 m³ ku hekitha ngesikhatsi sinye. Loku kukhokhela ku 750 mm welitulu.
Tidzingeko tekuVundzisa temaHananandza
Lokukhuluma kwekuvundzisa kumahananandza kuyintfo lencane kunekucatsanisa netindlela letifana nesimo selitulu, kunisela kanye netintfo tetitjalo. Nomakunjalo, emahananandza akhokha linani lelikhulu letintfo letikhokhwe kulokuphilako phindze afune emanutrients latsite kwentela kwengeta loko nekutsi achubeke nemkhicito.iPhosphorus kanye nepotassium idzinga kufakwa umangabe luhlolo lwe mhlabatsi noma licembe lukhombisa kushoda. Kunye kwalokumbalwa kwetintfo letincane letijwayelwe kumahananandza yi zinc (Zn), letsatfwa njengentfo lemtfubi yemacembe. iFoliar Zn lefakwa ngemuva kwekwakheka kwesitselo iyanconywa. Tfola secwayiso kulabo labatiko ngeluhlelo lwekuvundzisa lolulungako.
Translated by Phindile Malotana