Tindzoho letinga tlimbana endzeni to tshuka (arils) xikan’we na swiyenge leswinga avanyisiwa hi nhlonge yobasa leyinga dyiweki. Tindzoho leti arils tina tiphutseriwe hi leswi dyiwaka naswona tina juzi leyi tsokombelaka, leyi humaka yikarhi yinyanganya yotshuka.
Ti pomegranates timila eka tindzhawu to kufumela ta ximumu kambe tifanele kuva ti sirheleriwa eka kuva ti hisiwa hi dyambu. Ti humesa mabilomu lawa ya endlaka pollination hi woxe hi swiyenge swinharhu exikarhi ka tinhweti ta September na November. Leswi swivula leswaku mihandzu yivupfa eka nkarhi wokarhi naswona yita tshoveriwa eka swiphemu swinharhu.
Kuhumelerisiwa ka ti pomegranates leswaku tita xavisiwa swifanele kusungula endzhaku ka malembe yanharhu naswona swinga vuyerisa kwalomu ka 30 tons hi hectare kusuka eka misinya leyinga kula (kusuka eka ntsevu wa malembe na kutlula), kambe kufikela eka 42 tons hi hectare titshoveriwile. Mihandzu ya horisiwa kuatni yi hlayisiwa endzhaku ka ntshovelo naswona yi xavisiwa yitetano kumbe loko ku endliwe juzi hi yona, tindzoho (arils) xikan’we na mafurha (yaku tirhisiwa laha kaya) kumbe yi xaviseriwa eka matiko yale handle tani hi mihandzu.
Misinya yati pomegranate yita kula kutani yi humesa mihandzu kuringana malembe se swina nkoka leswaku loko yingase byariwa, van’wamapurasi vantshwa va hlawula swibyariwa swa kahle kusuka eka ti nurseries, vateka swikombiso swa misava, ku langutisisiwa ka khwalithi ya mati, ku lulamisiwa misava ku endlela leswaku timintsu tita nghenelela kahle kutani ku vekeriwa swo cheleta hiswona, leswi i switsundzuxo swa Jorrie Mulder, mutsundzuxi wa swa vuthekiniki e Pomegranate Producers Association (POMASA).
Misava ya Kahle ya ti Pomegranates
Kululamisiwa ka ndzhawu yo byalela ti pomegranates swina nkoka swinene. Ku lawuriwa kahle misava loko kungase byariwa swita pfuna kukula ka timintsu ta swibyariwa. Ku enta ka timintsu ta ximilani swi hlamusela nhlayo na khwalithi ya timintsu xikan’we na kukula naku humelela ka nsinya. Xikombiso, ku enta ka timintsu swina nhlohletelo eka nchelelto – eka minkarhi na nhlayo ya ncheleto wa mati.Ti pomegranate tinga byariwa hiku olova eka misava yo hambana hambani kambe ti tsakela misava leyingana pH ya 5 - 7,5. Sungula hi ndzulamiso wa misava kwalomu ka mune kuya eka ntlhanu wa tinhweti loko kungase byariwa, kufana naku tlakusa pH ya misava yiya eka 5 na limestone kutani ku katsiwa phosphorus loko swilavisiso swa misava swivula sweswo. Loko swilaveka, hunguta pH ya misava hiku engetela sulphur. Gypsum nayona yinga engeteriwa kuva yi tshamisekisa sodium (Na) yotala eka misava.
Switlhela swiva na nkoka kuva misava yi langutisisiwa. Kutshamisekiwa ka ti khemikali xikan’we naku engetela ti minerali swifanele kuva swiendliwa endzhaku ka loko ku endliwe vulavisisi bya misava kukuma mbuyelo. Hi ndlela leyifanaka, van’wamapurasi lavantshwa vanga tsakela ku engetelela swakudya eka misava hikuva va chela manyoro ya kahle loko va byala, loko mbuyelo wuseketela leswi. Unga byali ti pomegranates eka misava leyinga tswongeki mati kumbe misava leyinga tala vumba hikuva swinga endla leswaku timintsu ti bola.
Eka misava leyinga entangiki, kukumeka ka nhlayo ya misava hi nsinya i swintsongo swinene naswona nsinya wu hatla wu fikeriwa hi dyandza na mpfumaleko wa swakudya. Misava leyinga gandlanayisivela kunghenelela ka timintsu xikan’we na moya, ku nghenelela ka mati xikan’we naku famba famba ka mati emisaveni.
Byala hi mintila exirhapeni naswona swimilani swilongoloka laha kunga voyama leswaku swita fikeleriwa hi dyambu xikan’we naku nghena kahle eka timintsu. Maendlelo yo byala kusuka e dzongeni kuya e n’walungwini hi wona ya kahle swinene; swimilani swita kuma nhlayo yo ringanela ya dyambu eka matlhelo hinkwawo ya nsinya siku hinkwaro. Ringeta kuva unga byali eka tindzhawu letinga languta e n’walungwini kuhunguta kuva swimilani switshwa hi dyambu xikan’we naku papalata gwitsi eka tindzhawu letinga ehansi swinene.
Ku Byariwa kati Pomegranates
Loko ku endliwe kahle ndzulamiso wa misava (e.g. ripping), misava yifanele kuva yi rimekile yi lulamele ku byariwa. Ku engetela kwalano, mintila yo cheleta yitava yi vekeriwile. Van’wamapurasi vantshwa vati pomegranate vatsundzuxiwa kuva vaxava swimilani swintshwa kusuka eka ti nurseries leti tivekaka. Swibyariwa leswi nga tsemiwa swibyariwa eku heleni ka xixika kumbe emasunguleni ya ximun’wana, kambe misinya leyinga emaphakitini yinga tirha kahle loko yibyariwa hi ximun’wana kuya emasunguleni ya ximumu. Endzhaku ko byala, swilava leswaku ku ndlaleriwa kusivela nhova kutani ku gandliwa leswaku timintsu tinga omi.
Kuya hi mbuyelo wa swilavisiso swa misava, kwalomu ka 100 kg/ha nitrogen (N) yi nyikeriwa lembe rin’wana na rin’wana. (Lowu i mpimo wa ntolovelo naswona wufanele kuva wu toloveriwa kuya hi mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso.) Ndzavisiso wa matluka swifanele ku endliwa lembe rin’wana na rin’wana. Leswi swita kombisa nkayivelo wa ti minerali lowunga kona eka swimilani sweswo. Leswi swinga lulamisiwa hi mphamelo wati foliar.
Mphamelo wati foliar, hambiswiritano, i xintshunxo xa nkarhi nyana. Xintshunxo xa kahle xa nkarhi woleha eka kupfumaleka ka swakudya eswimilanini iku pfuneta misava, kuya hi Jorrie. Ku cheriwa ka foliar swinga katsa, foliar zinc (Zn) endzhaku kaloko ku hume mihandzu, boron (B) hinkarhi wa mabilomu. Swingava na nkoka kuhunguta nitrogen: phosphorus loko mihandzu yiya eku vupfeni, ku tiyisisa ku huma kahle ka muhlovo xikan’we naku nghenelela ka chukele eka tindzoho (arils).
Kuma switsundzuxo kusuka eka vativi eka minongonoko ya manyoro leyinga lulamela ti pomegranates.
Ku Cheletiwa ka ti Pomegranates
Swina nkoka leswaku khwalithi ya mati yikamberiwa naswona swocheleta swinghenisiwa loko kungase byariwa. Ehandle ka ntsakelo wati pomegranate wa maxelo yo hisa naku oma, nsinya wulava ncheleto eka kuhumelerisa ka mihandzu. Nsinya wuta kula wungari na mati kambe wutava e hansi ka ntshikelelo swinene kuva wuhumelerisa mihandzu ya khwalithi.Swikambelo swa ncheleto hiva Agricultural Research Council (ARC) swihetisisiwile hi 2018 naswona mbuyelo wukombisa leswaku ku cheletiwa lokukulu kunga tisa mbuyelo wa kahle kutlula ncheleto wa drip. Ku cheletiwa hile henhla aswi hlohleteriwi tani hi leswi mabilomu yati pomegranate yanga tsakeleki ku tsakama. Swiletelo swa swilaveko swa mati swati pomegranates swingava 7 500 m3/ha hi nguva. Leswi swiringana na 750 mm ya mpfula.
Swilaveko swo Nonisa ti Pomegranates
Nhlohletelo waku nonisa misava eka ti pomegranates i wuntsongo swinene loko ku pimanyisiwa na swilo swo fana na maxelo, ncheleto xikan’we na swimilani. Hambiswiritano ti pomegranates ti humesa nhlayo yikulu ya swakudya swa misava kululamisa xikan’we naku yisa emahlweni vuhumelerisi.Phosphorus na potassium swilava ku cheriwa loko misava kumbe swilavisiso swa matluka ku kombisa nkayivelo. Yin’wana yaminkayivelo yantolovelo eka ti pomegranates i zinc (Zn), yi vonaka hiloko matluka ya hundzuka xitshopani. Ku cheriwa ka foliar ya Zn swa hlohleteriwa endzhaku kaloko mihandzu yihumile swa hlohleteriwa. Kuma switsundzuxo kusuka eka vativi mayelana na nongonoko wa manyoro lawa lulameleke.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni